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2025, Volume 55,  Issue 4

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Review
Design strategies for non-positive Poisson’s ratio mechanical metamaterials and their cushioning and energy absorption characteristics
WANG Weijing, YANG Hang, ZHANG Weiming, MA Li
2025, 55(4): 707-746. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-25-021
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Abstract:
Non-positive Poisson’s ratio mechanical metamaterials are a class of architected functional materials that exhibit negative or zero Poisson’s ratio effect at the macroscopic scale through configuration design. Their distinctive capabilities in controlling transverse deformation, maintaining dimensional stability, and enhancing energy absorption confer significant potential for applications in aerospace, marine engineering, transportation, wearable protective equipment, and biomedicine. In recent years, continuous advancements in microstructural design, advanced material fabrication techniques, and multi-material integration methods have driven significant progress in non-positive Poisson’s ratio mechanical metamaterials, particularly in configuration diversity, mechanical response tunability, and multifunctional integration. Guided by the dominant mechanisms that activate transverse deformation, this paper systematically surveys the typical design strategies of non-positive Poisson’s ratio mechanical metamaterials. For negative Poisson’s ratio architectures, the discussion is organized around re-entrant geometries, rotating systems (rotating rigid-body/truss and chiral/anti-chiral configurations), kirigami/origami schemes, elastic instability-induced mechanisms, and rigid-body linkages. Zero Poisson’s ratio architectures are categorized into geometric paradigms, including rectangular/parallelogram-like, semi-re-entrant, positive/negative Poisson’s ratio unit combinations, and rigid-flexible composites. Focusing on performance requirements in cushioning and energy absorption, enhancement strategies include multi-plateau response designs, graded structural architectures, multi-material coupling, and the incorporation of smart materials. At the level of structural integration, technical pathways such as modular assembly, sandwich structure, and intrinsically three-dimensional architectures are reviewed. Finally, by synthesizing recent research progress on non-positive Poisson’s ratio mechanical metamaterials in terms of design and fabrication, performance regulation, and system integration, the current core technical bottlenecks are identified, the key directions for breakthroughs are clarified, and future development pathways for multiscale manufacturing, multifield response integration, and engineering applications are proposed.
Recent advances on data-driven dynamics and control
DING Qian, ZHANG Shu, HUANG Rui, HE Mengxin, XU Yong, HAN Fang, LI Xiang, CUI Lanyun, WANG Qingyun, XU Jian
2025, 55(4): 747-818. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-25-005
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Abstract:
Dynamics and control is a discipline that studies the dynamic mechanisms of systems and their control strategies, and plays an important role in modern engineering and scientific research. The complexity caused by geometric nonlinearity, the non-smoothness of contact forces, and the uncertainty of environmental interferences and multi-physics problems poses significant challenges to dynamic modeling, prediction and intelligent control. The rapid development of data-driven methods has provided new ideas and new research paradigms for addressing these challenges. Recent researches have shown that data-driven methods can not only solve some problems that traditional dynamics methods cannot address but also significantly enhance the ability to predict dynamical behavior and design advanced structures. These methods lay the foundation for intelligent research in dynamics and control and demonstrate great potential and scientific value in the modeling, analysis, and regulation and control of complex systems. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of data-driven methods in areas such as robot motion control, transonic aeroelastic modeling and analysis, dynamics design, stochastic dynamics, neurodynamics, fault diagnosis and remaining useful life prediction of machinery. It also discusses the challenges and trends in these fields.
Fundamental mechanism and multiscale simulations of hydrodynamic cavitating flows
WANG Benlong, LIU Yunqiao
2025, 55(4): 819-853. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-25-012
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Abstract:
Hydrodynamic cavitation is a prevalent physical phenomenon in ship propulsion and underwater vehicles. To accurate prediction of cavitation noise prediction and cavitation erosion forecasting, this paper reviews key advances over the past two decades: nuclei and inception mechanisms of cavitation, pressure fluctuations and acoustic propagation across cloud cavitating regions, interaction between cavitation and turbulence, transient impact dynamics during cavity collapse and shock wave generation. Current research status and limitations are discussed through perspectives including phase transition model, multiphase flow simulation methodology, and cavitation-turbulence interactions. A concise overview is presented on multi-scale simulation methodologies for cavitating flows, summarizing recent insights into mixed-phase medium characteristics within cavitating zones and spatiotemporal evolution features of cavity fields derived from meso-scale simulations. For future development in multi-scale modeling and engineering forecasting of cavitating flows, the paper identifies two critical theoretical challenges requiring quantitative characterization: (1) fundamental modeling of vapor-water mixture properties in cavitating regions; and (2) precise representation of spatiotemporal dynamics of cavitating flows.
Recent progress in multi-physics simulation based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics
MA Yibo, SHEN Wenhao, LU Yao, LIU Jiahao, MA Lingxiao, LIU Moubin
2025, 55(4): 854-907. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-25-003
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Abstract:
Many engineering problems involve coupling effects of multiple physical fields, which pose significant challenges for numerical simulations. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a classic meshfree particle method that offers distinct advantages in simulating multi-physics coupling problems and has been widely applied in various fields of sciences and engineering. This paper focuses on recent advances in SPH and its applications in multi-physics simulations. The key topics include: (1) mechano-thermal coupled problems, such as heat and mass transfer, high-speed impacts, casting processes, and additive manufacturing; (2) mechano-thermal-chemical coupled problems, with complex scenarios including shaped charge jet formation and penetration effects, explosive welding, and underwater explosions; (3) mechano-thermal-electromagnetic coupled problems, including electromagnetic flow control and “X-pinch” phenomena. Finally, the future development of the SPH method in simulating multi-physics coupling problems is discussed and prospected.
The progress of damage prediction and fracture analysis of quasi-brittle materials based on peridynamic theory
LAI Xin, LIU Yaxun, LIU Lisheng, LI Shaofan, LI Jun, MEI Hai, ZHANG Jinyong
2025, 55(4): 908-947. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-25-007
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Abstract:
Peridynamics, as an emerging non-local continuum theory, has significant advantages over traditional continuum theories in simulating crack initiation and crack propagation along arbitrary paths. It is particularly well-suited for describing transient damage and fracture problems in brittle and quasi-brittle materials. This paper first provides an overview of the basic theory of peridynamics and failure criteria for material fracture and damage. It then presents a detailed review of recent research on damage prediction and fracture modeling of various brittle and quasi-brittle materials (such as ceramics, concrete, glass, and rocks) within the peridynamic framework. Finally, the paper discusses open issues in the peridynamic theory that warrant further investigation for these materials.

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