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Research Advances in Wind-Train-Bridge Coupling Vibration
HAN Yan, HU Peng, WANG Lidong, LIU Hanyun, CAI Chunsheng
, Available online  , doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-032
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Abstract:
Researching the coupling vibration of wind-train-bridge systems is one of the crucial means to ensure the safe operation of trains on bridges under strong wind conditions. In the last two decades, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research in this field, accumulating fruitful research results. The study of the coupling vibration of the wind-train-bridge system mainly includes three aspects: the aerodynamic characteristics of the train-bridge system, the calculation of the coupling vibration of the wind-train-bridge system, and the evaluation, prevention, and control of driving safety. Firstly, the primary purpose of studying the aerodynamic characteristics of the train-bridge system is to analyze the aerodynamic interference mechanism of the train-bridge system and accurately obtain the wind loads acting on the train and bridge. Depending on whether the train on the bridge is stationary or moving, it can be divided into two cases, i.e., stationary train and moving train. Secondly, on the basis of obtaining wind loads on the train-bridge system, it is necessary to solve the dynamic response of the wind-train-bridge system to obtain the response time-history curve of the entire process of the train passing through the bridge. This research mainly involves modeling methods for the train-bridge system, solving theories of wind-train-bridge coupling vibration equations, and using efficient calculation methods. Thirdly, based on the obtained dynamic response, the ultimate goal is to evaluate the driving safety of trains on the bridge and propose prevention and control measures. This research mainly includes the evaluation indicators and methods of driving safety and the main preventive and control measures for ensuring the driving safety of trains under strong wind conditions. Finally, in conjunction with the main issues existing in the field of the coupling vibration of wind-train-bridge systems, prospects for future research directions are provided to promote the development of this research field.
Cellular Mechanical Intelligence
CHENG Bo, LU Mengnan, JIA Yuanbo, XU Feng
, Available online  , doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-028
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Abstract:
Biological intelligence, which includes features such as perception, memory, learning, problem-solving and decision-making, is widely observed in humans, animals and other higher organisms with nervous systems. Recent studies have shown that single cells also exhibit behaviours that resemble human-like intelligence in their interactions with the microenvironment, such as “multimodal perception”, “problem solving”, “learning and memory”, and “evolutionary adaptation”. Cellular intelligence, as a newly proposed and disruptive theoretical concept, raises fundamental questions, including the principles underlying the emergence of cellular intelligence, the mechanisms by which collective cell behaviour emerges as collective intelligence, and the evolutionary drivers for single cells to evolve into multicellular life forms. As the fields of biomechanics and mechanobiology have advanced, numerous studies have demonstrated the significant influence of the mechanical microenvironment on cellular physiological behaviour. Under mechanical stimulation, even single cells exhibit intelligent behaviours similar to those observed in higher organisms. Based on this, the concept of “cellular mechanical intelligence” is proposed in this paper. We summarise the characteristics of intelligent behaviours in terms of mechanical perception, mechanical decision making, mechanical memory and mechanical learning, with the aim of providing new insights and perspectives on the mechanisms underlying cellular mechanical intelligence and its potential applications, such as in cellular intelligent medicine.
, Available online  
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Abstract:
Stress or Strain?
LI Shuguang
, Available online  , doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-035
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Abstract:
This paper is intended to reconcile the stress-based and strain-based formulations for material failure criteria, where a longstanding and deep division is present. The two approaches do not naturally agree with each other, and they not genuinely complement each other, either. Most popular criteria are stress-based when originally proposed, including the maximum stress, Tresca, von Mises, Raghava-Caddell-Yeh and the Mohr criteria. Their formulations are unique and self-consistent, i.e. capable of reproducing the input data. Their strain-based counterparts, with the maximum strain criterion being considered as the strain-based counterpart of the maximum stress criterion, are neither unique nor necessarily self-consistent. It has been proven that the self-consistent ones reproduce their respective stress-based counterparts identically in effect with a disadvantage of requiring an additional material property to apply, without a single benefit. For the Mohr criterion as a special case, a strain-based counterpart is simply infeasible in general. All undesirable features of strain-based criteria are rooted in a single source: the failure strains can only be measured under a uniaxial stress state, which corresponds to a combined strain state in general, not a uniaxial strain state! Given the arguments presented, the reconciliation proves to be biased completely towards the stress-based side if mathematics, logic and common sense prevail over perception and prejudice.