Abstract: The research of ventricular afterload, pump function of heart, ventricle arterial coupling and their clinic applications have undergone rapid development in the last twenty years In the staticcase, the study of the problem has come to a rather mature stage In the dynamic case, many animal experiments and some theoretical models were proposed In this paper, we first review the progress in above three aspects during the last twenty years, then we present our recent research results, and lastly we poin...