薄壁超结构振动与噪声控制及其在航空领域的应用

郑宜生; 袁怀炳; 瞿叶高; 孟光

doi:10.6052/1000-0992-25-024

薄壁超结构振动与噪声控制及其在航空领域的应用

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-25-024 cstr: 32046.14.1000-0992-25-024

郑宜生^1, ,,
袁怀炳¹,
瞿叶高^2, ,,
孟光²

1.
厦门大学航空航天学院, 福建厦门 361005
2.
上海交通大学机械系统与振动全国重点实验室, 上海 200240

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (12472027), 厦门市自然科学基金 (3502Z202473037), 福建省自然科学基金(2024J01050), 机械系统与振动全国重点实验室开放基金 (MSV202405), 复杂服役环境重大装备结构强度与寿命全国重点实验室开放基金 (SV2023-KF-20), 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 (20720250135), 中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目 (HFZL2023CXY005).

详细信息

作者简介:
郑宜生, 厦门大学航空航天学院副教授、博士生导师, 入选厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划B类, 获得西安交通大学优秀博士学位论文奖和中国振动工程学会科学技术奖二等奖. 长期从事非线性智能结构动力学与控制方向研究, 在压电超结构振动与噪声控制、非线性磁负刚度低频隔振等领域取得创新性成果. 主持国家自然科学基金青年项目和面上项目、中国航发集团产学研合作项目、福建省自然科学基金面上项目等课题, 在Journal of Sound and Vibration、Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing等高水平期刊发表论文20余篇

瞿叶高, 上海交通大学科研院副院长、前沿创新研究院院长, 机械系统与振动全国重点实验室副主任. 主要从事非线性动力学设计及振动与声波操控研究. 主持国家杰出青年科学基金以及基金委重大项目课题、叶企孙基金重点项目等. 获教育部自然科学奖一等奖、上海市科技进步一等奖、中国力学学会青年科技奖、中国振动工程学会青年科技奖等奖励. 担任《Applied Acoustics》副主编以及多个国内外期刊编委. 兼任中国力学学会理性力学和力学中的数学方法专业委员会委员, 中国振动工程学会副秘书长、非线性振动专业委员会副主任等

通讯作者:
yszheng@xmu.edu.cn

quyegao@sjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V214,O326
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出版历程
- 录用日期: 2025-12-18
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-08

Advances in thin-walled metastructures for vibration and noise control and their applications in aerospace engineering

1.
School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

More Information

Corresponding author: yszheng@xmu.edu.cn; quyegao@sjtu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 薄壁结构在飞行器领域普遍存在, 随着先进飞行器向宽速域、跨介质、大尺寸等方向发展, 薄壁结构面临的声振环境更加复杂, 对低频宽带和时变减振降噪的需求更加迫切. 超结构/超材料的快速发展为先进飞行器的技术突破提供了新途径, 其中基于局域共振机制的薄壁超结构在解决飞行器振动与噪声控制问题方面具有显著的应用前景. 聚焦薄壁结构的减振和隔声难题, 综述了被动式和压电式薄壁超结构的研究进展, 并对两者的发展脉络和技术特性进行了对比分析, 为先进飞行器薄壁超结构研制提供借鉴. 首先, 介绍了被动式和压电式薄壁超结构的带隙机理和隔声机理, 为后续介绍研究进展提供理论基础. 其次, 从减振和隔声两方面梳理了薄壁超结构设计和性能调控方法, 并针对非线性薄壁超结构减振问题进行了专门讨论. 然后, 探讨了薄壁超结构在飞行器舱室减振降噪、飞行器动力系统减振降噪和高速飞行器壁板颤振等几个方面的应用前景. 最后, 从优化设计、智能调控、多功能融合、极端环境适应性和精密制造等方面展望了飞行器薄壁超结构的发展方向.
- 飞行器 /
- 减振降噪 /
- 薄壁结构 /
- 薄壁超结构 /
- 压电超结构 /
- 非线性超结构 /
- 局域共振带隙
Abstract: Thin-walled structures are commonly found in aircraft. As advanced aircraft evolve to meet the demands of wide speed ranges, transmedium capabilities, and large sizes, the vibro-acoustic environments of thin-walled structures have become increasingly complex. Consequently, there is a pressing need for low-frequency, wide-band and time-varying vibro-acoustic control. The rapid advancement of metastructures/metamaterials has opened new opportunities for breakthroughs in air-vehicle technologies. Thin-walled metastructures based on the local-resonance mechanism offer significant advantages in addressing the challenges of vibro-acoustic control of aircraft. This paper reviews the progress of passive and piezoelectric thin-walled metastructures, focusing on their vibration suppression and sound insulation capabilities, and provides a comparative analysis of their evolutionary process and technical features. It offers guidelines for designing thin-walled metastructures in advanced aircraft. First, the mechanisms of local-resonance bandgaps in both passive and piezoelectric thin-walled metastructures are explained, along with their sound-insulation mechanisms, which lays the theoretical foundation for introducing research progress of this area. Additionally, the research progress of thin-walled metastructures for vibration suppression and sound insulation is reviewed, with particular attention to nonlinear thin-walled metastructures. Subsequently, the applications of thin-walled metastructures in addressing vibro-acoustic control issues of air vehicles are discussed. Last, this paper offers future outlooks for thin-walled metastructures in air vehicles, focusing on optimal design, intelligent tuning, multifunctional integration, adaptability to extreme environments and precision manufacturing.
- air vehicles /
- vibration and noise control /
- thin-walled structure /
- thin-walled metastructure /
- piezoelectric metastructure /
- nonlinear metastructure /
- local-resonance bandgap

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图 1 飞行器薄壁结构的振动和噪声问题

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图 2 一些典型的局域共振超结构. (a) 重物−软材料包覆型 (Liu Z et al. 2000), (b) 重物−软材料支撑型 (Wang G et al. 2005), (c) 薄膜−重物共振型 (Naify et al. 2011), (d) 亥姆霍兹共鸣器型 (Fang N et al. 2006), (e) 柔性结构−质量块一体型 (Nateghi et al. 2019), (f) 压电分流共振型 (Airoldi & Ruzzene 2011a)

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图 3 被动式局域共振薄壁超结构梁示意图. (a) 超结构, (b) 超结构元胞

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图 4 被动式局域共振薄壁超结构的带隙特性. (a) 频率ω-波数k关系曲线, (b) 波数k-频率ω关系曲线, (c) 振动传递率曲线, (d) 带隙内振动位移分布云图

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图 5 压电式局域共振薄壁超结构梁示意图. (a) 超结构, (b) 超结构元胞

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图 6 压电式局域共振薄壁超结构的带隙特性. (a) 频率ω-波数k关系曲线, (b) 波数k-频率ω关系曲线, (c) 振动传递率曲线, (d) 带隙内振动位移分布云图

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图 7 被动式薄壁结构隔声示意图. (a) 等轴侧视图, (b) 侧视图

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图 8 被动式薄壁超结构的隔声特性. (a) 声传输损失, (b) 等效质量密度

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图 9 压电式薄壁超结构隔声示意图. (a) 等轴侧视图, (b) 侧视图

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图 10 几种类型的局域共振薄壁超结构. (a) 超结构板示意图及其色散关系 (Xiao et al. 2012b), (b) 含弹簧片−质量块振子的超结构 (Sugino et al. 2017b), (c) 含橡胶−铅块振子的超结构 (Oudich et al. 2010), (d) 含螺旋线型振子的超结构 (Jin & Zeng et al. 2022), (e) 含板型振子的超结构 (Wang Q et al. 2021)

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图 11 附加局域振子型超结构在汽车仪表盘面板的减振应用 (Jung et al. 2019). (a) 实物; (b) 减振性能曲线, 图中给出了原结构、只含磁体、以及具有不同带隙频率的三种超结构等五种工况

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图 12 几种复杂结构型式的薄壁超结构. (a) 内嵌振子三明治型超结构 (Sharma & Sun 2016), (b) 碳纤维增强复合桁架型超结构 (Liu Y et al. 2026), (c) 形状记忆合金型超结构 (Liu B et al. 2024), (d) 永磁型超结构 (Wang Y et al. 2025)

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图 13 局域共振薄壁超结构壳体色散特性(Nateghi et al. 2017). (a) 超结构元胞与壳体示意图; (b) 不同曲率半径R下, 频率与波传输常数μ虚部的关系, 上面一列表示波沿周向传播, 下面一列表示波沿轴向传播

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图 14 薄壁超结构壳体减振. (a) 附加周期振子的超结构壳体及其带隙减振特性 (Nateghi et al. 2019), (b) 蜂窝夹层型超结构壳体及其带隙减振特性 (Jin & Jia et al. 2022)

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图 15 薄壁超结构流致振动抑制 (Pires et al. 2022a). (a) 试验方形管道, (b) 超结构板示意图, (c) 测试得到的速度响应自功率谱密度的均方根

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图 16 基于多频共振机制的被动式薄壁超结构宽频减振. (a) 耦合多个弹簧−质量振子阵列 (Xiao et al. 2012c), (b)“彩虹效应”调制 (Celli et al. 2019)

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图 17 基于惯性放大机制的超结构. (a) 含惯性放大机构的周期结构示意图 (Yilmaz et al. 2007), (b) 杠杆式惯性放大薄壁超结构 (Gao L et al. 2024), (c) 棱形桁架式惯性放大薄壁超结构 (Russillo et al. 2022)

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图 18 薄壁超结构减振优化设计. (a) 基于拓扑优化策略的超结构板宽频带隙定制化设计 (Jung et al. 2020), (b) 狭缝式超结构板宽频减振参数优化设计 (Priester et al. 2022)

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图 19 耦合单频共振分流电路的压电式薄壁超结构振动控制 (Chen S et al. 2013). (a) 压电阵列板, (b) Antoniou虚拟电感, (c) 振动传递率曲线

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图 20 耦合高阶共振电路的压电式薄壁超结构多频带隙振动控制 (Airoldi & Ruzzene 2011b). (a) 高阶共振电路, (b) 振动频响曲线

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图 21 基于电路共振频率“彩虹效应”调制的压电式薄壁超结构宽频振动控制 (Cardella et al. 2016)

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图 22 压负电容电路对压电片等效杨氏模量的调控作用 (Chen Y Y et al. 2014). (a) 耦合负电容电路的压电结构, (b) 压电片等效杨氏模量

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图 23 耦合负阻抗分流电路的压电式薄壁超结构振动控制. (a) 负电容电路 (Yi & Collet 2021), (b) 负电阻电路(Zheng et al. 2022c)

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图 24 耦合电路网络的压电式薄壁超结构振动控制. (a) 双向电路网络 (Bergamini et al. 2015); (b) 单向电路网络(Zheng et al. 2021), 其中实线表示振动沿正向传输, 而“o”线和“…”线表示振动沿反向传输

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图 25 耦合数字可编程分流电路的压电式薄壁超结构振动控制. (a) 可编程压电超结构梁 (Sugino et al. 2020b), (b) 可编程压电超结构环 (Zheng et al. 2022b), (c) 可编程压电超结构壳 (Zheng et al. 2024)

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图 26 基于非线性局域振子2:1内共振效应的带隙形成机制 (Silva et al. 2019). (a) 线性局域振子, (b) neo-Hookean 非线性局域振子

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图 27 准零刚度型非线性低频超结构. (a) 压缩弹簧型 (Zhou J et al. 2019), (b) 柔性结构型 (Cai et al. 2022)

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图 28 强非线性超结构混沌带宽频减振 (Fang X et al. 2017b). (a) 非线性超结构示意图, (b) 振动传递率曲线

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图 29 非线性阻尼超结构梁宽频减振 (Zhao B et al. 2024). (a) 超结构示意图; (b) 实物图; (c) 传递率曲线, 灰色曲线表示理论结果, 蓝色曲线表示试验结果, 颜色越深表示激励幅值越大

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图 30 非线性薄壁超结构颤振抑制 (Tian W et al. 2022c). (a) 非线性超结构板示意图, (b) 颤振响应分叉图

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图 31 基于杜芬非线性效应和非线性能量阱效应的压电式薄壁超结构振动控制 (Mosquera-Sánchez & De Marqui 2021). (a) 超结构样机, (b) 分流电路示意图, (c) 考虑非线性能量阱效应的试验传递率曲线

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图 32 可编程非线性压电式薄壁超结构振动控制. (a) 文献 (Xia D et al. 2024), (b) 文献 (Gong et al. 2025)

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图 33 耦合复杂非线性分流电路的压电式薄壁超结构. (a) 双稳态非线性电路 (Zheng et al. 2019), (b) 组合非线性电路 (Chen B et al. 2024)

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图 34 薄板−弹簧质量振子型超结构隔声设计. (a) 超结构板示意图及其在质量控制区和吻合频率区的声传输损失(Xiao et al. 2012a), 其中f_co表示吻合频率; (b) 含弹性结构−质量块一体式振子的隔声超结构 (Janssen et al. 2023); (c) 含软材料−质量块式振子的隔声超结构 (Nakayama et al. 2021); (d) 内嵌振子式隔声超结构 (Jin Y et al. 2023)

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图 35 薄板/薄膜−质量块型超结构隔声设计. (a) 预拉伸双层薄膜超结构 (Nguyen et al. 2021), (b) 气压调节式薄膜超结构 (Langfeldt et al. 2016), (c) 梯度参数分布式薄膜超结构 (Li H & Tang Z et al. 2024), (d) 无框架式薄板超结构 (Xiao et al. 2021), (e) 含多孔材料的双层薄板超结构 (Wang S et al. 2023), (f) 惯性放大式薄板超结构 (Sun Y et al. 2024)

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图 36 大尺寸薄壁超结构隔声设计. (a) 多胞协同耦合型超结构 (Wang X et al. 2019), (b) 层合板型超结构 (Gu et al. 2022)

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图 37 高承载薄壁超结构隔声设计. (a) 穿孔板−薄板−加强层复合超结构 (Ren et al. 2024), (b) 柔性薄板−支撑板−加强筋复合超结构 (Ren et al. 2025)

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图 38 薄壁超结构壳体隔声. (a) 圆柱壳体环频隔声性能调控 (Liu Z et al. 2019), (b) 飞机侧壁板环频隔声性能调控 (Droz et al. 2019)

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图 39 基于多频共振机制的薄壁超结构宽频带隔声 (Xiao et al. 2012a). (a) 含多个局域振子阵列的超结构板示意图, (b) 质量控制区宽频隔声, (c) 吻合频率区宽频隔声

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图 40 基于惯性放大机制的薄壁超结构宽频隔声 (Mi & Yu 2021). (a) 惯性放大超结构元胞示意图, (b) 声传输损失曲线

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图 41 薄壁超结构多模态局域振子拓扑优化设计 (Giannini et al. 2025). (a) 局域振子物理密度分布, (b) 超结构板, (c) 声传输损失曲线

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图 42 非线性薄壁超结构隔声 (Li T et al. 2025). (a) 含两自由度非线性振子的隔声超结构示意图; (b) 超结构实物; (c) 声传输损失曲线, 图中给出了几种含不同非线性系数k_nr1和k_nr2的工况

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图 43 压电式薄壁超结构板隔声 (Zhang H et al. 2015). (a) 超结构示意图, (b) 声传输损失曲线, (c) 色散曲线

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图 44 压电式薄壁超结构壳体及其声传输损失. (a) 耦合局域共振电路 (Yuan et al. 2025), (b) 耦合负电容电路 (Zheng et al. 2025)

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图 45 欧洲在客机舱室隔声超结构方面的研究进展. (a) 机身侧壁板集成薄膜型超结构 (Langfeldt 2018), (b) 天花板内衬集成局域共振超结构 (Pires et al. 2022b)

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图 46 国内在飞行器舱室声学超结构方面的研究进展. (a) 飞机舱室层合型隔声超结构大尺寸样件 (顾金桃等2022), (b) 直升机声学超结构壁板大尺寸样件 (王晓乐等 2024)

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图 47 航空发动机壁板噪声辐射方向智能调控概念图 (Schimidt et al. 2024)

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表 1 被动式和压电式薄壁超结构减振降噪特性对比

比较点	被动式薄壁超结构	压电式薄壁超结构
局域振子类型	机械振子	共振电路
带隙机制	负等效质量	负等效刚度
带隙位置	在振子共振频率以上	在振子共振频率以下
宽频调控方法	√ 多频率共振 √ 惯性放大 √ 非线性调控	√ 多频率共振 √ 力电耦合效应放大 (负电容电路) √ 非线性调控
优势	✧ 稳定性强 ✧ 易于集成制造 ✧ 不耗能 ✧ 减振降噪效果明显 ✧ 成本相对较低	✧ 主动可调性好 ✧ 可设计空间大 ✧ 附加质量小 ✧ 非线性效应设计和调控灵活 ✧ 易于多功能集成

下载: 导出CSV

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