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摘要: 水动力空化是船舶推进、航行体跨介质运动等领域一种常见的物理现象. 针对工程领域空化噪声和空蚀预报对非平衡空化流动研究的迫切需求, 回顾了二十余年来空化核与初生、群泡水体介质特性与声传播、空化与湍流相互作用、空泡溃灭瞬态冲击与激波等关键基础科学问题研究的主要进展; 梳理出空化宏观模拟面临的空化相变建模、多相流模拟和多相湍流三个挑战, 指出多尺度空化模拟的重要性并对微介观模拟方法做了简要介绍; 总结了近年来空化流微介观模拟在空化区混合介质基本物理特性、空泡流场时空特性等方面获得的新认识以及高阶数值模拟方法. 面向高精度空化流动多尺度模拟与工程预报, 展望了定量、准确描述空化区域水汽掺混介质特性与空化流时空特性的两个层面迫切需要解决的若干基础性建模问题.Abstract: Hydrodynamic cavitation is a prevalent physical phenomenon in ship propulsion and underwater vehicles. To accurate prediction of cavitation noise prediction and cavitation erosion forecasting, this paper reviews key advances over the past two decades: nuclei and inception mechanisms of cavitation, pressure fluctuations and acoustic propagation across cloud cavitating regions, interaction between cavitation and turbulence, transient impact dynamics during cavity collapse and shock wave generation. Current research status and limitations are discussed through perspectives including phase transition model, multiphase flow simulation methodology, and cavitation-turbulence interactions. A concise overview is presented on multi-scale simulation methodologies for cavitating flows, summarizing recent insights into mixed-phase medium characteristics within cavitating zones and spatiotemporal evolution features of cavity fields derived from meso-scale simulations. For future development in multi-scale modeling and engineering forecasting of cavitating flows, the paper identifies two critical theoretical challenges requiring quantitative characterization: (1) fundamental modeling of vapor-water mixture properties in cavitating regions; and (2) precise representation of spatiotemporal dynamics of cavitating flows.
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Key words:
- phase transition /
- cavitation inception /
- cloud cavitation /
- multiphase flow /
- multiscale simulation
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图 3 不同类型空化流场拟序结构实验结果: (a) 楔形体空化区 (Belahadji et al 1995, Wu et al 2021); (b) 水翼U形云空化 (Peng et al 2016), 俯视图; (c)球体云空化 (de Graaf et al 2016); (d)水翼云空化脱落过程 (Zhang et al 2021), 侧视图.
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