面向火星探测的环氧形状记忆聚合物复合材料的性能研究

张豆; 刘立武; 徐鹏飞; 赵印中; 李奇峰; 兰鑫; 张风华; 王林林; 万雪; 邹昕; 曾成均; 辛晓洲; 戴雯煦; 李莹; 何延春; 刘彦菊; 冷劲松

doi:10.6052/1000-0992-22-041

面向火星探测的环氧形状记忆聚合物复合材料的性能研究

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-22-041

1.
哈尔滨工业大学航天科学与力学系, 哈尔滨 150001
2.
兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室, 兰州 730000
3.
哈尔滨工业大学复合材料与结构研究所, 哈尔滨 150080
4.
北京空间飞行器总体设计部, 北京 100094

基金项目: 感谢哈尔滨工业大学智能材料与结构课题组的各位老师和同学, 感谢中国空间技术研究院的支持. 本论文由黑龙江省头雁团队和国家自然科学基金支持(基金号: 11872020, 12102107).

详细信息

作者简介:
刘彦菊, 哈尔滨工业大学航天学院航天科学与力学系教授、博士生导师, 入选教育部长江学者、新世纪优秀人才支持计划、国家重大人才工程. 中国复合材料学会智能复合材料专业委员会主任、国际先进材料与制造工程学会大陆总会理事、《Smart Materials and Structures》副主编. 自1993年起一直致力于智能材料与结构领域的研究, 在智能聚合物及其复合材料、力学理论、智能主动变形结构设计以及智能结构的应用等方面, 取得系统性创新研究成果. 发表SCI论文200余篇, 获授权国家发明专利70余项, 获得国家自然科学二等奖1项

冷劲松, 智能材料和复合材料力学专家、中国科学院院士、欧洲科学院外籍院士(Foreign Member of Academia Europaea)、欧洲科学与艺术院院士(Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts)、国家重大人才工程入选者、国家杰出青年基金获得者、国家百千万人才工程入选者. 长期从事智能材料制备、力学分析、结构设计及其应用研究, 主要包括智能传感与驱动器材料（光纤传感器、形状记忆聚合物和电致活性聚合物）、多功能纳米复合材料、智能变形结构（智能空间展开结构、可变形飞行器结构）、智能生物医学器件、4D打印技术、软体机器人、振动主动控制和结构健康监测等. 建立形状记忆聚合物复合材料的本构理论, 发明多种形状记忆聚合物材料及智能主动变形结构, 在天问一号火星探测器取得成功应用, 研制4D打印心脏封堵器等多种生物医学器件

通讯作者:
yj_liu@hit.edu.cn

lengjs@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: V45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-29
- 录用日期: 2022-09-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-19
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-25

Study on epoxy-based shape memory polymer composites for Mars explorations

1.
Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
2.
Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
3.
Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
4.
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China

More Information

Corresponding author: yj_liu@hit.edu.cn; lengjs@hit.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 国家火星探测任务是建设航天强国进程中的重大标志性工程, 是中国航天走向更远深空的里程碑工程. 智能材料这种集材料、结构和功能于一体的先进材料将会对火星探测任务有所助力. 形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料作为一种典型的智能材料, 可在有效减轻载荷的同时实现自主变形, 已经在地球同步轨道航天器的应用中崭露头角. 因此有必要研究这种新型环氧基形状记忆聚合物复合材料应用于火星探测工程的可能性. 首先, 针对“天问一号”火星探测器的任务需求, 设计了一个具有自释放功能的着陆平台国旗装置. 其中的锁紧释放装置由碳纤维增强的形状记忆聚合物复合材料制成, 分别从静态拉伸力学性能、动态热机械性能和形状记忆性能三个角度评估了空间辐照和长期存储对形状记忆聚合物复合材料的影响. 其中, 空间辐照包括γ射线和紫外射线, 辐照剂量分别为5 × 10⁵ rad和23.6 kCal. 长期存储分为低温−196℃、室温25℃和高温85℃存储30天, 和低温−196℃存储457天两组实验. 最后, 从“祝融号”火星车所携带相机拍摄的照片可以看到五星红旗被成功释放, 旗面平整、图案清晰. 这说明所研究的环氧基形状记忆聚合物复合材料可成功应用于火星探测任务, 未来有望以多种结构形式助力我国的火星采样返回乃至其它深空探测任务.
- 形状记忆聚合物复合材料 /
- 空间辐照 /
- 长期存储 /
- 自释放机构 /
- “天问一号”火星探测器
Abstract: The Mars exploration mission is a major landmark project in building a powerful aerospace country and a milestone project for China's aerospace to move further into deep space. Advanced materials integrating structures with functions can do a favor. Shape memory polymers and their composites, as typical smart materials, can effectively reduce the payload while achieving autonomous deformation, and have been successfully applied to geosynchronous orbit. Therefore, we investigate the feasibility of applying these new materials to Mars explorations. Firstly, according to the requirements of the “Tianwen-1” mission, a self-deployable flag mechanism was proposed. Then from the perspectives of static tensile mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis and shape memory performance, γ and UV irradiation and long-term storage (temperatures (−196 ℃, 25 ℃ and 85 ℃) for 30 days and −196 ℃ for 457 days) effects on shape memory polymer composites were investigated. Finally, according to the photos from the “Zhurong” rover, the National Flag of China was successfully released, and the flag pattern was clear and distinct. This shows that the shape memory polymer composites have been successfully applied to Mars explorations. In the future, it is expected to assist China’s Mars sample return program and other interstellar exploration missions in diverse structural architectures.
- epoxy-based shape memory polymer composites /
- irradiation tests /
- long-term storage /
- self-deployable mechanism /
- “Tianwen-1” Mars probe

HTML全文

图 1 着陆平台国旗装置的示意图及实物图. (a) 收拢状态, (b) 展开状态

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 辐照前后拉伸应力应变曲线. (a) $ \gamma $射线, (b) UV射线

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 SMPC分别在极端低温(−196 ℃)、室温(25 ℃)及高温(85 ℃)存储30天后的拉伸实验结果. (a)(b)室温下(25 ℃)的拉伸曲线及材料参数, (c)(d)高温(85 ℃)的拉伸曲线及材料参数, (e)(f)低温(−55 ℃)的拉伸曲线及材料参数

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 极端低温(−196 ℃)存储457天的拉伸应力-应变曲线

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 SMPC的储能模量(动态热机械性能). (a) $ \gamma $辐照前后, (b) UV辐照前后, (c) 极端低温(−196 ℃)、室温(25 ℃)及高温(85 ℃)存储30天前后, (d) 极端低温(−196 ℃)存储457天前后

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 SMPC的损耗角(动态热机械性能). (a) $ \gamma $辐照前后, (b) UV辐照前后, (c) 极端低温(−196 ℃)、室温(25 ℃)及高温(85 ℃)存储30天前后, (d) 极端低温(−196 ℃)存储457天前后

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 辐照前后SMPC的形状记忆性能. (a) $ \gamma $射线, (b) UV射线

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 形状记忆聚合物复合材料在极端低温(−196 ℃)、室温(25 ℃)及高温(85 ℃)下96小时的形状固定率.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 极端低温(−196 ℃)存储457天的形状记忆性能. (a) −196 ℃形状固定率, (b) 170 ℃形状回复率

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 着陆平台国旗装置在火星上展开五星红旗(以红色框线示出). (a) “中国印记”图, (b)“着巡合影”图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 火星西北部Gala 火山口从2012年至2015年的气候表(数据来自维基百科)

月份	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	全年
记录最高温/℃	6	6	1	0	7	14	20	19	7	7	8	8	20
平均最高温/℃	−7	−20	−23	−20	−4	0	2	1	1	4	−1	−3	−5.7
记录最低温/℃	−82	−86	−88	−87	−85	−78	−76	−69	−68	−73	−73	−77	−78.5
平均最低温/℃	−95	−127	−114	−97	−98	−125	−84	−80	−78	−78	−83	−110	−127

下载: 导出CSV

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