大型漂浮式风电装备耦合动力学研究: 历史、进展与挑战

温斌荣; 田新亮; 李占伟; 彭志科

doi:10.6052/1000-0992-22-018

大型漂浮式风电装备耦合动力学研究: 历史、进展与挑战

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-22-018

温斌荣^{1, 2,},
田新亮^{1, 2,},
李占伟^3,,
彭志科^{4, 5, ,}

1.
上海交通大学, 海洋工程国家重点实验室, 上海 200240
2.
上海交通大学三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院, 海南三亚 572000
3.
南京航空航天大学, 直升机传动技术国家级重点实验室, 南京 210016
4.
上海交通大学, 机械系统与振动国家重点实验室, 上海 200240
5.
宁夏大学, 机械工程学院, 银川 750000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 (11632011) 、海南省自然科学基金联合项目 (120 (12102251) 、国家自然科学基金重点项目 (11632011) 、海南省自然科学基金联合项目 (120LH050) 、国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目 (12121002) 、汕尾市省级科技专项资金 (“大专项+任务清单”) 项目 (2020B001) 资助.

详细信息

作者简介:
温斌荣, 1993年生, 博士, 上海交通大学助理教授, 博士生导师. 2015年和2020年分别于西安交通大学和上海交通大学获学士、博士学位. 主要从事复杂装备动力学与控制相关研究. 先后主持国家级、省部级及各类科研项目7项, 作为核心成员参与国家自然科学基金重点项目2项. 围绕漂浮式风电装备耦合动力学建模、分析及试验方法取得一些创新成果, 发表学术论文30余篇, 申请国家专利10余项. 获第11届上银优秀机械博士论文奖铜奖、2020年上海交通大学优秀博士学位论文等荣誉

田新亮, 1986年生, 博士, 上海交通大学副教授, 船舶与海洋工程系副系主任, 博士生导师. 主要研究方向为浮式海洋平台流体动力学、海洋流体机器人等. 主持国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目、基金青年基金等各类科研项目20余项. 在Physical Review Letters、Journal of Fluid Mechanics、Ocean Engineering等知名期刊发表 SCI论文60余篇; 发明专利授权34件; 获2019年度上海市科技进步一等奖 (排3) , 2020年度海洋工程科学技术二等奖 (排2) , 入选“上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划”

李占伟, 1991年生, 博士, 南京航空航天大学讲师, 硕士生导师. 2021年于上海交通大学获博士学位. 主要研究方向为振动分析与控制、传动系统动力学分析等. 先后主持各类科研项目多项, 作为核心成员参与完成国家自然科学基金重点项目1项. 发表学术论文20余篇, 申请国家专利6项

彭志科 (通信作者) , 1974年生, 博士, 宁夏大学党委副书记、校长, 上海交通大学特聘教授、博士生导师, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者, 教育部“长江学者”特聘教授, 国家自然科学基金创新群体项目负责人, 入选科技部“中青年科技创新领军人才”. 主要从事海上浮式风机、动力学分析与信号处理、振动分析与控制、设备智能诊断与运维等方面研究, 构建了漂浮式风电装备动力学分析设计与试验研究体系, 创建了广义参数化时频变换理论与方法, 提出了非线性调频分量分解方法, 发明了基于微波感知的全场形变和振动测量变革性技术. 主持了包括两机专项、国家自然科学基金创新群体项目、重点项目和面上项目、上海市国际合作重点项目等在内的20多个重要项目. 发表高水平论文200余篇, 连续7年入选爱思唯尔“中国高被引学者榜单”. 获上海青年科技英才提名奖、教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划、上海市浦江人才支持计划、教育部自然科学一等奖等荣誉

通讯作者:
z.peng@sjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O313
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-11
- 录用日期: 2022-05-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-29

Coupling dynamics of floating wind turbines: History, progress and challenges

WEN Binrong^{1, 2
,},
TIAN Xinliang^{1, 2
,},
LI Zhanwei^3
,,
PENG Zhike^{4, 5
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.
SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Science & Technology, Sanya 57200, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
5.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

More Information

Corresponding author: z.peng@sjtu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 风电是可再生能源的主力军, 在优化能源结构、缓解气候变化方面发挥着重要作用. 经过数十年的发展, 风电装备逐渐向大型化和离岸化方向发展, 并由此形成“由陆向海, 由浅入深, 由固定式向漂浮式”的演变之路. 在水深大于50米的深远海域, 采用漂浮式支撑基础搭载大型或超大型风电机组是兼顾技术可行度和成本优势的理想选择. 如今, 大型漂浮式风机已成为下一代深远海风能大规模开发的主力装备, 是深化海洋风能开发的先导战略性高端装备, 是风电领域的研究热点和技术高地. 本文围绕大型漂浮式风电装备耦合动力学问题, 综述了国内外浮式风电技术的发展历程和研究现状, 结合作者团队多年的研究与实践经验, 介绍了浮式风机耦合动力学及其优化控制中的基础问题与研究现状, 总结了现阶段浮式风机耦合动力学研究中的困难与挑战, 为浮式风电研究人员提供参考.
- 浮式风机 /
- 耦合动力学 /
- 空气动力学 /
- 模型试验 /
- 半实物试验 /
- 振动控制
Abstract: Wind power is one of the essential branches of renewable energy resources, and it is playing an important role in innovating energy systems and mitigating global climate change. After decades of development, wind turbines are becoming larger and are advancing into offshore regions. In offshore sites with water depths of more than 50 meters, the Floating Wind Turbine (FWT) is thought to be technically and economically advantaged. Nowadays, the FWT is regarded as one of the most promising alternatives for the future exploitation of offshore wind resources. In this review, the coupling dynamics of FWTs are focused on, and the development of the FWT technology at home and abroad is reviewed. Then the research status of FWT coupling dynamics, as well as its optimization, is introduced and discussed. Finally, the significant difficulties and challenges in studying FWT coupling dynamics are concluded. This review can serve as a guideline for the research in the FWT community.
- floating wind turbine /
- coupling dynamics /
- aerodynamics /
- model test /
- hardware-in-the-loop /
- vibration control

HTML全文

图 1 2001—2020年全球风电累计装机容量变化情况(GWEC 2021)

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图 2 风电装备大型化发展趋势示意图(EWEA 2009)

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图 3 风电装备“由陆向海, 由浅入深”发展示意图(EWEA 2013)

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图 4 浮式风电技术发展脉络

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图 5 中国浮式风电技术发展脉络

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图 6 浮式风机静水稳性获取方式. 来源: The Economist

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图 7 半潜式浮式风机概念设计举例

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图 8 单柱式浮式风机概念设计举例

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图 9 张力腿式浮式风机概念设计举例

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图 10 驳船式浮式风机概念设计举例

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图 11 大型浮式风机运行环境示意图

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图 12 大型浮式风机耦合动力学研究内容概览(Micallef & Rezaeiha 2021)

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图 13 风机叶片涡系模型示意图(Wen et al. 2019a)

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图 14 浮式风机输出功率随等效湍流强度平方变化规律(Wen et al. 2021)

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图 15 浮式风机不同状态下的运行模式(Micallef & Rezaeiha 2021)

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图 16 平台运动下的浮式风机尾流图 (Tran et al. 2016b)

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图 17 笔者团队建立的浮式风机非定常气动特性“三步式”试验研究框架

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图 18 叶片结构建模方法. (a)有限元模型(Hu et al. 2016), (b)多体动力学模型(Molenaar 2003), (c)等效梁模型(Branner et al. 2012)

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图 19 浮式风机叶片气弹耦合分析流程图

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图 20 不同非定常因素及综合效应对浮式风机叶片气动气弹特性的影响

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图 21 平台运动/结构振动作用下的叶片翼型相对速度与受力(Liu et al. 2017). (a) 速度扰动与风速同向, (b) 无运动/振动扰动, (c) 运动/振动与风速反向

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图 22 不同气动载荷作用下的浮式平台响应. (a) 平台纵荡; (b) 平台纵摇

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图 23 浮式风机陀螺力矩的动力响应(陈嘉豪 2018). (a) 平台首摇, (b) 首摇偏航力矩

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图 24 浮体初始竖直与倾斜下的风轮陀螺效应研究

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图 25 初始竖直与倾斜下的SJTU-S4浮体运动固有周期, 单位: 秒

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图 26 FAST软件算法结构示意图

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图 27 浮式风机全实物试验系统. (a) 浮式风机缩尺模型, (b)试验系统全貌

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图 28 浮式风机全实物模型试验用造风系统“Big Wind System”. (a) 模型图, (b) 实物图, (c) 正弦风模拟效果, (d) 湍流风模拟效果

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图 29 性能相似叶片气动推力. (a) 风轮推力系数, (b) 法向载荷

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图 30 基于数值浮体的半实物模型试验系统原理图

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图 31 基于数值浮体的半实物模型试验系统及其验证. (a) 试验系统, (b) 试验验证

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图 32 基于数值风轮的半实物模型试验系统原理图

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图 33 浮式风机试验系统. (a) 全实物模型试验系统, (b)半实物模型试验系统

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图 34 基于数值风轮的半实物模型试验方法验证与评估. (a) 湍流风下浮式风机气动推力复现性能; (b) 半实物模型试验与全实物模型试验结果对比

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图 35 WindFloat主动压载调节系统

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图 36 单柱式浮式风机及其附属垂荡板结构 (图中红圈) (丁勤卫等 2019)

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图 37 张力腿浮式风机串联浮筒优化方法(马哲等 2020)

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图 38 现代大型风机变转速控制逻辑

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图 39 浮式风机独立变桨实现运动/载荷抑制的基本原理. (a) 统一变桨, (b) 独立变桨

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图 40 笔者团队开展的浮式风机独立变桨一体化试验研究. (a) 独立变桨机构模型图, (b) 统一变桨原理图, (c) 独立变桨机构实物图, (d) 独立变桨原理图

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图 41 结构控制在高层建筑和浮式风机中的应用. (a) 高层建筑, (b)浮式风机(Si et al. 2013)

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图 42 惯容实现机制. (a) 齿轮−齿条机制惯容, (b) 滚珠丝杠机制惯容

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表 1 四类浮式风机结构型式的基本特点


类型	稳性原理	优点	缺点
单柱式	压载稳定	设计简单, 制造方便活动部件少, 稳性好	限于深水安装困难维护不便
半潜式	浮力稳定	安装灵活, 费用较低可达性强, 维修方便	质量较大结构复杂制造困难
张力腿	系泊稳定	结构紧凑, 质量较轻活动部件少, 稳性好	系泊与锚固负载大安装困难, 成本高
驳船式	阻尼稳定	结构简单定位方便成本较低	吃水浅、重心高对外界环境较敏感不适应于恶劣海况

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表 2 浮式风机动力学求解软件基本情况汇总(段斐 2017)

软件名称	开发机构	气动载荷	水动载荷	系泊载荷
FAST	NREL	BEM+DS	Airy+ME Airy+PF+ME	QSCE
HAWC2	Risø+DTU	BEM+DS	Airy+ME Airy+PF+ME	QSCE, UDFD
SIMO	MARINTEK	BEM	Airy+ME	QSCE, MBS
GH Bladed	GH	BEM+DS	Airy+ME	UDFD
ADAMS	MSC+NREL+LUH	BEM+DS	Airy+ME Airy+PF+ME	QSCE, UDFD
SESAM.DeepC	DNV	-	Airy+ME Airy+PF+ME	QSCE, FEM
3Dfloat	IFE-UMB	BEM	Airy+ME	FEM, UDFD
BEM: 叶素动量理论 (Blade Element Momentum) ; DS: 动态失速 (Dynamics Stall) ; Airy: 线性波理论; ME: 莫里森公式 (Morison’s Equation) ; PF: 势流理论 (Potential Flow) ; QSCE: 准静态悬链线方程 (Quasi-static Catenary Equations) ; UDFD: 用户自定义力−位移关系 (User-Defined Force-Displacement relationship) ; FEM: 有限元 (Finite Element Method); MBS:多体动力学(Multi-body Dynamics formulation)

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