Abstract: Superlattice is a kindof artificial periodic structure consisting of alternate layers oftwo dissimilar semiconductors with layer thicknesses of the orderof nanometers. Both the large-scale quantum behavior and thesmall-scale effect can be simultaneity observed in superlattices.The feature of structural characteristics and the fabricationtechaniques of superlattices are summarized. The quantumelectronic band structure and the remarkable electronic propertiesof superlattices are presented, and popular methods forcalculating quantum band structure and wave functions arereviewed, such as the tight binding method, the pseudopotentialmethod and the method. More importantly, the effects of stressand strain on the superlattice's electronic band structure andtransport properties are discussed in details, including theauthor's recent research on the effects of friction, point loads,boundary surfaces and anisotropy on the superlattice'sinhomogenious strain distribution and quantum electronic bandstructure.