Abstract: The mechanicalresponse in high temperature and evaluation methods of ultrahightemperature ceramic materials used on wing leading edge and largearea metallic thermal protection materials and structures used in my personic airframe are reviewed and summarized in this paper. The domesticand abroad research developments of large area metallic thermalprotection systems in certain important areas are documented, suchas thermal conduction, statics, thermal and mechanical coupledbehavior, and fatigue and impact resistant behaviors. The thermalshock, toughening mechanism and anti-oxidation behavior etc. ofultrahigh temperature ceramics are characterized and evaluated,and the development trends and prospects of these thermalprotection materials are further discussed.