Abstract: As informationnetworks with numerous interconnected neurons, Biological nervoussystems play a key role in sense, recognition and motion controlof biological bodies. This paper is first concerned withphysiological structures and theoretical models of neurons, brainand some biological neural networks. Then some important topics offiring and network dynamical behavior are presented, includingcomplex firing modes of neurons, synchronization andspatiotemporal dynamics of coupled neuronal networks, networkfeatures of neuronal micro-circuitry of combined cerebral cortexand the dynamical mechanism of working memory and decision makingprocesses etc. Finally, prospective developments are suggested.