Abstract: Environmental fluid dynamics in semi-hermetic and hermeticventilated systems, including air motion, temperature and moisturedistribution and contaminant condensation, is a widely concernedsubject because of its applications in monitoring indoor airquality, designing ventilation system and avoiding vaporcondensation. This paper reviews the relatedtheoretical, numerical and experimental researches for high ventilation efficiency, low energy costs and moreair comfort in practice. They involve both semi-hermeticsystems (room, building and city) and hermetic systems (car, subway,plane, submarine and manned space capsule). The current theoreticalmodels were developed from the basic plume theory with a singlesource to complicated turbulent fountain models with buoyancyfluxes from the plume sources and momentum fluxes from the fountainsources. However, the theoretical analysis is incapable of dealingwith practical problems in situations such as of multiple ventilations andmultiple geometric structures, so most engineering applications tendto rely on experiments and numerical simulations. It is worthmentioning that researches on environmental fluid dynamics in mannedspace capsules, although just in a beginning stage, can use the matured researchstrategies and techniques in related semi-hermetic and hermeticsystems.