Developments in researches on mechanical behaviors of rocks under the condition of high ground pressure in the depths
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摘要:
越来越多的煤矿和金属矿进入深部开采.随着开采深度的增加,一系列工程灾害如岩爆、煤与瓦斯突出、顶板垮落、底板突水等日益严重,且深部开采中巷道与采场的维护理论也与浅部有十分明显的区别.人们认识到这种差别的根源在于岩石所处的赋存环境上的差异,深部与浅部在赋存环境上的差别是所谓``三高''即高地应力、高地温和高孔隙水压,尤其是高地应力条件下岩石表现出十分特殊的力学行为.简要介绍了深部开采现状、深部开采面临的技术难题以及深部岩体所处的高地应力环境,在此基础上,综述了深部高地应力条件下有关岩石力学性质的研究进展,包括高应力条件下岩石的脆-延转化特性、岩石的流变特性、岩石的强度特征、岩石的破坏特征尤其是岩爆等.文章最后指出深部条件下热-水-力耦合模型是一个值得关注的研究方向.
Abstract:More and more underground coal and metal mines have been developed intoa deep level. Withincrease of mining depth, a series of engineering catastrophes such as rockburst, coal and gas burst,collapse of roof strata and water burst from floor strata are gettingmore serious and more frequent. In addition,supporting and retaining theory of tunnel and stope in the depths aredifferent from the ones at a shallow levels.Such a difference is caused by the difference of geological environmentsbetween deep and shallow levels.The most distinguished differences between deep and shallow levels arethe so-called three ``highs'', i.e., highcrustal stress, high earth temperature and high pore pressure. Underhigh crustal stress, rocks showsome special mechanical behaviors. In this paper, the current state ofunderground mining in the depths,technical difficulties of deep mining and geological environment of highcrustal stress of rocks in the depths areintroduced. Moreover, the developments in researches on mechanicalbehaviors of rocks in the depths arereviewed, including brittle-ductile transition, time-dependent behavior, strength features and failurebehaviors especially rockburst under the condition of high crustal stress. At the end of the paper, itis pointed out that the thermal-mechanical-hydrological coupling model under the conditions of deepmining is an attractive topic.
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