Abstract: The statistical vortex structure theory of turbulence was put forward by late professor Zhou in the 1950s'. With the efforts of him and his students during the half century, it hasbecome a statistical theory of turbulence with a special feature. Now in order to commemoration of the 100th anniversary of professor Zhou's birthday, this paper gives a summary and anoutline of this theory, which includes the vortex solutions as turbulent elements, the possible vortex structures, the suitable statistical average methods and the statistical rules of turbulence, etc.