TISSUE REINFORCEMENT BY COLLAGEN
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摘要: 胶原纤维对生物组织起一种拉伸增强作用.它们的功能可用三种组织的性质来说明:腱、关节软骨和椎间盘.腱在人体的关节周围将肌肉与骨连接在一起.关节软骨覆盖在大部分关节骨的端部表面,椎间盘则连接着脊椎骨使得它成为一种柔性结构.增强度β由组织中胶原的体积分量所定义和确定.增强效应系数η,则依赖于纤维的取向.在键中纤维是波形的.腱的变形的第一步主要是拉直波形纤维以增加η值.其结果是,当应变在低应变值时,应力会迅速增加.当波形纤维被拉直时,η=1.关节软骨足以支持着外加的压缩是因为它本身具有高的内部膨胀压力.胶原纤维能增强组织则是因为它们的取向使得它们的应变适于这种压力.椎间盘大致是柱状的,它们由内核区和包围内核的环状结构组成.这些环状结构由胶原层组成,每一层内的胶原纤维是平行的,但都与脊椎轴倾斜成一定角度.扭转和弯曲牵伸一些纤维,这种纤维增强了椎间盘.由于不是所有的纤维被牵伸,故所施的压力并不是均匀分布的.于是,扭转和弯曲是潜在的损伤力.椎间盘的压缩使所有的纤维受力.外部压缩会损伤脊椎的骨头而无损于环状结构.Abstract: Collagen fibres provide tensile reinforcement in the tissues of the body. Their function is illustrated by the properties of three tissues: tendon, articular cartilage and intervertebral disc.Tendons join muscles to bones around the joints of the body. Articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones in most joints. Intervertebral discs join the bones of the spine making it a flexible structure. The degree of reinforcement, β, is given by the volume fraction of collagen in the tissues. The efficienc...
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Key words:
- Articular cartilage /
- collagen /
- fibre reinforcement /
- intervertebral disc /
- tendon /
- joints
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