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纳米流控能量吸收耗散系统

曹国鑫

曹国鑫. 纳米流控能量吸收耗散系统[J]. 力学进展, 2017, 47(1): 227-262. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-029
引用本文: 曹国鑫. 纳米流控能量吸收耗散系统[J]. 力学进展, 2017, 47(1): 227-262. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-029
CAO Guoxing. Nanofluidic energy absorption system: A review[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2017, 47(1): 227-262. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-029
Citation: CAO Guoxing. Nanofluidic energy absorption system: A review[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2017, 47(1): 227-262. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-029

纳米流控能量吸收耗散系统

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-029
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    曹国鑫, 北京大学工学院力学与工程科学系特聘研究员. 2004年在美国克莱姆森大学材料与工程专业获得博士学位, 2005-2008年在美国哥伦比亚大学土木与力学专业从事博士后工作, 2008-2010年在美国内布拉斯加-林肯大学从事研究助理教授.主要研究领域:微纳米力学、物理力学和复杂材料力学行为多尺度计算模拟等.在PRL, Nano Letters, JACS, JMPS, Carbon等期刊上发表SCI论文近80篇, 论文被引2 300余次, H引用因子为28.cgx@coe.pku.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O369

Nanofluidic energy absorption system: A review

More Information
    Corresponding author: CAO Guoxing
  • 摘要: 基于纳米流控行为设计的新一代能量吸收耗散系统(nanofluidic en-ergy absorption system,NEAS)将会比传统吸能材料具有更高的能量吸收密度,而且还可以重复使用,特别是在小体积应用环境下具有显著的优势.本文从实验和计算模拟两方面综述了目前关于NEAS能量吸收耗散行为的最新研究进展,其中实验研究主要包括准静态压缩和动态压缩测试,计算模拟研究主要是采用基于经验势的分子动力学模拟方法.通过准静态压缩实验,可以测量NEAS模型的载荷-位移关系曲线,从而获得NEAS模型的临界渗透压强,了解卸载后系统是否能够恢复到加载前的状态(即是否可以重复使用),并通过载荷-位移关系曲线下面积估算NEAS模型的吸能密度;通过动态压缩实验可以测量NEAS模型对脉冲载荷的缓冲保护作用,主要体现为降低脉冲载荷幅值和扩展脉冲宽度.计算模型研究可以明确给出NEAS对外载荷的微观响应,从而可以准确了解NEAS的能量吸收耗散机制以及吸能密度的主要影响因素.本研究可以帮助我们全面了解NEAS的研究进展,为NEAS的设计与优化提供重要指导.

     

  • 图  1  NEAS设计示意图. (a) NEAS模型总体结构, (b)初始状态下NEAS模型中的纳米通道, (c)加载状态下NEAS模型中的纳米通道(纳米通道半径R, 长度为l)

    图  2  (a) NEAS准静态压缩实验图, (b)封装在PMMA中的NEAS模型, (c) NEAS中的纳米多孔颗粒(硅胶(silica gel) MCM-41)的SEM照片

    图  3  NEAS模型准静态压缩下的加卸载响应. (a)沸石系统+水构成的悬浊液(最早的NEAS模型) (Eroshenko et al. 2001), (b) NEAS模型(纳米多孔硅胶颗粒MTS+水溶液) (Lefevre et al. 2004), (c) NEAS模型(纳米多孔硅胶颗粒Fluke-C8+水溶液)的两次加卸载循环(Qiao et al. 2007), (d) NEAS模型(纳米多孔硅胶颗粒Fluke-C8+水溶液)在加载后加压保持12 h, 然后卸载, 再进行第2次加卸载循环(Qiao et al. 2007)

    图  4  (a)注入NEAS (纳米多孔硅胶颗粒+水溶液)的不锈钢管准静态压缩实验图, (b)注入NEAS (纳米多孔硅胶颗粒+水溶液)的不锈钢管(黑色粗实线)的准静态加载响应(Chen et al. 2006), 注入纯水的不锈钢管(红色细实线)和纯不锈钢管(虚线)的准静态加载响应

    图  5  NEAS模型(水+沸石(Zeolite β))和传统吸能材料泡沫铝的吸能密度比较(Sun et al. 2015)

    图  6  (a) NEAS模型(水+沸石(Zeolite β))的吸能缓冲作用, (b) NEAS模型(水+沸石(Zeolite β))动态响应和准静态响应比较(Sun et al. 2015)

    图  7  NEAS的MD计算模型. (a)无底部纳米通道模型(Cao 2012), (b)有底部纳米通道模型(Liu & Cao 2013b), (c)锥形纳米通道模型(Liu et al. 2009c), (d)变截面纳米通道模型(Hu et al. 2016), (e)冲击质量块作用模型(Xu et al. 2014), (f)落锤直接作用水池模型(Liu & Cao 2016b)

    图  8  MD模拟中落锤冲击加载模式产生的压强脉冲波(Liu & Cao 2016b)

    图  9  纳米尺度下Young{Laplace方程有效性检验结果(Liu & Cao 2016b). (a)水池压强与孔上液面曲率半径关系, (b)纳米尺度下温度和电解质(NaCl)对水的表面曲率半径和液体压强之间的关系的影响

    图  10  NEAS模型对冲击载荷加载阶段微观结构响应. (a)初始状态t=0, (b)吸能过程结束, 反射波波前抵达管口, (c)渗透入CNT水分子的径向分布, 靠近CNT管壁定义为界面水分子, 远离管壁的定义为内部水分子

    图  11  NEAS模型纳米通道界面能密度随渗透水分子数的变化(Liu & Cao 2013b). (a) R=0:67 nm, (b) R=1:0 nm, (c) R=1:33 nm

    图  12  NEAS模型纳米通道界面能密度随管径的变化(Liu & Cao 2013b)

    图  13  NEAS模型在落锤冲击作用下的完整加卸载响应(R=1:0 nm). (a) CNT内的渗入水分子数随时间的变化, (b)界面能随时间的变化(Liu & Cao 2016b)

    图  14  落锤冲击速度、质量和冲击能对NEAS模型冲击响应的影响. (a)在落锤冲击作用下纳米通道充满时的渗透水分子数, (b)所形成的界面能(Liu & Cao 2016b)

    图  15  具有粗糙管壁的NEAS模型对落锤冲击的响应(A/R0=0:1, 80 m/s). (a)在落锤冲击作用下粗糙管壁纳米通道内渗透水分子数随时间的变化, (b)所形成的界面能随时间的变化(Liu & Cao 2016b)

    图  16  NEAS吸能密度随管径的变化. (a)根据单根CNT体积估算, (b)根据整体NEAS模型的体积(CNT阵列+水)估算(图中数据点上的误差范围对应于CNT阵列所占NEAS的体积分数(0.33~0.50) (Liu & Cao 2013b)

    图  17  NEAS的吸能密度随甘油溶液浓度的变化, 图中数据点上误差范围反映的是冲击速度对吸能密度的影响(v=100~1 000 m/s), 吸能密度随冲击速度的增加而增大(Liu & Cao 2014)

    表  1  不同吸能耗散系统的吸能密度

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2016-09-06
  • 网络出版日期:  2016-11-18
  • 刊出日期:  2017-02-24

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