海洋柔性结构涡激振动的流固耦合机理和响应

陈伟民; 付一钦; 郭双喜; 姜春晖

doi:10.6052/1000-0992-16-005

海洋柔性结构涡激振动的流固耦合机理和响应

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-005

陈伟民^{1, 2, ,},
付一钦^{1, 2},
郭双喜^{1, 2},
姜春晖^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院力学研究所流固耦合系统力学重点实验室, 北京 100190
2.
中国科学院大学工程科学学院, 北京 100049

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈伟民,女,博士,中国科学院力学研究所研究员.2000年北京航空航天大学获工学博士学位,2002年北京大学力学系博士后出站进入中科院力学所,2012年曾于美国德州大学奥斯汀分校做高级访问学者.主要从事海洋和航空工程中的结构流固耦合动响应研究,研究领域涉及水弹性/气动弹性力学、结构振动和动响应、深水柔性立管涡激振动、缺陷材料中弹性波传播和反问题等.先后在Ocean Engineering和Materials Science and Engineering A等海洋工程和结构材料期刊上发表论文50余篇. E-mail: wmchen@imech.ac.cn

中图分类号: O353.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-01-27
- 网络出版日期: 2016-09-18
- 刊出日期: 2017-02-24

Review on fluid-solid coupling and dynamic response of vortex-induced vibration of slender ocean cylinders

CHEN W M^{1, 2
, ,},
FU Yiqin^{1, 2},
GUO Shuangxi^{1, 2},
JIANG Chunhui^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

More Information

Corresponding author: CHEN W M

摘要

摘要: 对近几十年来国内外在涡激振动的基础研究包括机理认识和动响应分析等方面的进展进行了论述，尤其针对海洋油气平台中的立管、隔水管等细长柔性结构的涡激振动.描述了涡激振动这种典型的非线性流固耦合现象所具有的特征，包括自激、自限制、展向相关、尾迹水动力与结构动力的流固耦合等及其主要影响参数.介绍了目前常用的结构响应预测方法和相关实验.通过讨论当前理论研究和实际工程中的热点问题，诸如多模态宽带振动、浮体运动与水下立管的耦合、响应抑制措施、双向振动、高雷诺数下的大尺度物理实验等，对今后该领域的研究方向进行了力所能及的展望.
- 涡激振动 /
- 流固耦合 /
- 深水立管 /
- 振动与波
Abstract: The recent development on the mechanism and response analysis of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of flexible cylinders, particularly the slendr risers in deep water, are presented. The main characters of VIV, such as self-excited, self-limited and span coherence and fluid-solid coupling, along with principle influence factors are presented, and different prediction approaches (incluing empirical and numerical methods) and experiments are reviewed. Then we are trying to give our perspectives on some challenging issues, e.g., multi-mode and wide-band VIV, dynamic interaction between top-end motion and submarine riser, VIV suppression, CF and IL motion and large scale experiment at high Reynolds number, of slender riser's VIV so that the future researches on VIV would be focued on those areas.
- vortex-induced vibration /
- interaction between solid and fluid /
- deep-water riser /
- vibration and wave

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图 1 深水平台及其水下立管系统(http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/12lophelia/background/platforms/media/platform_types.html)

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图 2 几种典型海洋立管. (a) 顶张力立管, (b) 钢悬链线立管, (c) 惰性S立管, (d) 陡峭型S立管(e)惰性波浪立管, (f) 惰性型波浪立管

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图 3 涡激振动基本现象的实验观察. (a) 风洞中的弹性支持刚性圆柱的锁频共振 (Feng, 1968), (b) 水中弹性支持刚性圆柱的锁频共振 (Williamson & Govardhan, 2004) (c) 静止圆柱的斯特鲁哈数与雷诺数的关系 (Blevins, 1987)

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图 4 形态各异的圆柱尾迹涡脱落模式.(a) Brika和Laneville(1993) 首次实验展示了不同响应分支对应2S和2P不同的涡脱落模式;(b)铰支的圆柱实验中, 在高响应分支时观察到的2C模式(Flemming & Williamson, 2003);(c)在XY双向振动时观察到的的数值模拟超高响应分支所对应的2T模式(Jauvtis & Williamson, 2003);(d)Williamson和Govardhan(2004)实验结果(在层流中, Re<200);(e)Meneghini & Bearman(1993)的结果(Re<200)

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图 5 不同涡模式对应不同的结构运动幅值 (Wiliamson & Govardhan, 2004)

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图 6 尾迹涡和结构运动的展向不均匀分布显示了涡激振动的展向相关性. (a) 三维CFD计算得到的柔性圆柱尾迹的涡量场(Wiliamson & Govardhan, 2004), (b) 三维结构的响应位移沿展向位置的时间演化(张立武, 2010)

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图 7 驻波、行波以及中间状态的位移响应. (a) 驻波位移时空云图;(b) 行波位移时空云图; (c) 中间位移状态时空云图; (d) 驻波均方根(root mean square, RMS)位移; (e) 行波RMS位移; (f) 中间状态RMS位移

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图 8 出现行波的临界模态阶数n_cri随系统参数的变化关系.(a)n_cri随长径比L/D的变化(b)n_cri随结构阻尼比ζ_sn的变化, (c)n_cri随水动力阻力C_d的变化

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图 9 长度3 000 m变张力、变刚度立管的典型模态. (a)第1阶模态, (b) 第2阶模态, (c)第3阶模态, (d) 第5阶模态(e)第9阶模态, (f) 第13阶模态, (g)第23阶模态, (h) 第29阶模态

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图 10 变刚度立管的涡激振动响应. (a) 位移均方根, (b) 失稳响应

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图 11 不同耦合模型给出的锁频阶段位移、升力系数、相位(加速度耦合模型)响应结果(Facchinetti et al. 2004a). (a) 位移耦合模型, (b) 速度耦合模型, (c) 加速度耦合模型

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图 12 不同模型预测的锁频带宽简缩速度范围以及与实验结果的对比. (a) 非线性模型, (b) 位移耦合模型, (c) 速度耦合模型, (d) 加速度耦合模型

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图 13 简缩速度的变化对涡激振动响应影响的实验结果 (Brika, 1995) . (a) 相位响应, (b) 涡脱落频率, (c) 振幅响应

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图 14 S_G数对振幅峰值的影响

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图 15 不同质量比结构锁频简缩速度范围 (Williamson & Roshko，1988) . (a) 以U_r = U=f_ND衡量锁频范围, (b) 以U_r/f* = U/f_rD衡量锁频范围

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图 16 简缩速度对锁频阶段的附加质量系数和频率比的影响(Sarpkaya, 2004) . (a) 简缩速度对附加质量系数的影响, (b) 简缩速度对频率之比的影响

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图 17 质量比与锁频阶段的频率比的对应关系 (Govardhan & Williamson, 2004) . (a) 不同质量比对应的锁频阶段频率比, (b) 不同质量比对应的下枝频率比

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图 18 质量比μ 对频率比、振幅、升力系数的影响. (a) 频率比;(b) 振幅; (c) 升力系数

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图 19 尾流振子耦合系统示意图

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图 20 涡激振动的升力系数和响应振幅实验结果. (a)升力系数等高线(Govardhan & Williamson, 2004) ; (b) 锁频阶段圆柱振动响应 (Vikestad et al., 2000)

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图 21 基于有限元数值模拟的FR在不同流场的涡激振动响应. (a) 刚性圆柱在均匀流中, (b) 柔性缆索在均匀流中, (c) 柔性缆索在剪切流中, (d) 柔性缆索在阶梯流中

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图 22 剪切流中最大位移/应力响应随流速的变化. (a) 平均RMS振幅(A/D)随速度的变化, (b) 平均RMS应力随速度的变化

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图 23 立管的固有振动频率及St速度曲线

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图 24 基于模态能量法的多模态涡激振动响应的模态加权结果. (a) 最大流速为0.54 m/s, (b) 最大流速为1.14 m/s

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图 25 均匀流和非均匀流中细长FR的多模态涡激振动响应. (a) 均匀流中的RMS 位移响应, (b) 均匀流中的位移时空演化, (c) 剪切流的RMS 位移 (最大流速0.54 m/s), (d) 剪切流的位移时空演化(最大流速0.54 m/s), (e) 剪切流的RMS 位移 (最大流速1.14 m/s), (f) 剪切流的位移时空演化 (最大流速1.14 m/s)

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图 26 平台的横荡运动与水下立管涡激振动的动力耦合响应. (a) 平台横档运动引起的立管振幅放大, (b) 不同平台振荡幅度下的立管振动位移

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图 27 平台的垂荡运动与水下立管涡激振动的动力耦合响应. (a) 考虑与不考虑平台垂荡的立管最大位移, (b) 立管参数激励响应中出现的模态转换

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图 28 悬链线结构示意图. (a) 悬链线结构静力平衡(b)三维系泊系统示意图

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表 1 涡脱落形式与雷诺数的关系

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