壁湍流相干结构和减阻控制机理

许春晓

doi:10.6052/1000-0992-15-006

壁湍流相干结构和减阻控制机理

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-15-006

许春晓^,

清华大学工程力学系, 北京 100084

详细信息

通讯作者:
许春晓, 女, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师. 分别于1990年、1992年和1995年于清华大学工程力学系获得学士、硕士和博士学位. 从1995年开始任教于清华大学工程力学系, 现任清华大学工程力学系流体力学研究所所长.主要从事湍流的相关研究工作, 包括湍流的机理、数值模拟和减阻控制等. 已发表SCI收录论文30余篇、专著2部、教材1部. 曾获国家杰出青年科学基金(2009)、北京市科技进步2 等奖(2000)、清华大学优秀青年教师奖(1996, 1997).

中图分类号: O357.5
计量
- 文章访问数: 3169
- HTML全文浏览量: 316
- PDF下载量: 3663
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-01-30
- 刊出日期: 2015-08-30

Coherent structures and drag-reduction mechanism in wall turbulence

Chunxiao XU^,

Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Chunxiao XU

摘要

摘要: 剪切湍流中相干结构的发现是上世纪湍流研究的重大进展之一,这些大尺度的相干运动在湍流的动力学过程中起重要作用,也为湍流的控制指出了新的方向.壁湍流高摩擦阻力的产生与近壁区流动结构密切相关,基于近壁区湍流动力学过程的减阻控制方案可以有效降低湍流的摩擦阻力,但是随着雷诺数的升高, 这些控制方案的有效性逐渐降低.近年来研究发现, 在高雷诺数情况下外区存在大尺度的相干运动,这种大尺度运动对近壁区湍流和壁面摩擦阻力的产生有重要影响,为高雷诺数湍流减阻控制策略的设计提出了新的挑战.该文将对壁湍流相干结构的研究历史加以简单的回顾,重点介绍近壁区相干结构及其控制机理、近年来高雷诺数外区大尺度运动的研究进展,在此基础上提出高雷诺数减阻控制研究的关键科学问题.
- 壁湍流 /
- 相干结构 /
- 减阻控制
Abstract: The discovery of coherent structures in turbulent shear flows is one of the most important advances in turbulence research of the last century. These large-scale structures play important role in the physics of wall turbulence, and suggest a new direction for turbulence control. High skin friction in wall-bounded turbulent flows is closely associated with the coherent structures in the near-wall region. The control strategy based on the near-wall physics successfully achieves drag reduction, yet becomes less effective as the Reynolds number increases. It was discovered recently that large-scale coherent motions exist in the outer layer of the high-Reynolds number wall turbulence. These motions have important influence on turbulence in the near-wall region and the skin friction, and bring new challenges to the control of turbulent flow at high Reynolds number. In the present paper, we briefly review the research history on coherent structures in wall turbulence, and mainly focus on dis- cussing the near-wall coherent structures and their control mechanism, the recent research developments on the large-scale motions in the outer region of high-Reynolds number wall turbulence, and the key issues concerning the drag-reduction control of the high-Reynolds number turbulent flows.
- wall turbulence /
- coherent structure /
- drag-reduction control

HTML全文

参考文献(99)

[1]	邓冰清. 2014. 基于相干结构的壁湍流减阻控制机理研究.[博士论文]. 北京: 清华大学航天航空学院 (Deng B Q. 2014. Researchon mechanism of drag-reduction control based on coherent structures in wall-turbulence. [PhD Thesis]. Beijing: School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University).
[2]	郑晓静. 2014. 风沙环境下的高雷诺数壁湍流研究.第8届全国流体力学会议, 2014年9月19-21日, 兰州 (Zheng XJ. 2014.Study on high-Reynolds-number wall turbulence in wind-blown sand environment. 8th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics, September 19-21, Lanzhou).
[3]	朱克勤, 许春晓. 2009. 黏性流体力学. 北京:高等教育出版社(Zhu K Q, Xu C X. 2009. Viscous Fluid Mechanics. Beijing: Higher Education Press).
[4]	Adrian R J. 2007. Hairpin vortex organization in wall turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 19: 041301.
[5]	Adrian R J, Liu Z C. 2002. Observation of vortex packets in direct numerical simulation of fully turbulent channel flow. Journal of Visualization, 5: 9-19.
[6]	Adrian R J, Meinhart C D, Tomkins C D. 2000. Vortex organization in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 422: 1-54.
[7]	Agostini L, Leschziner M A. 2014. On the influence of outer large-scale structures on near-wall turbulence in channel flow. Physics of Fluids, 26: 075107.
[8]	Agostini L, Touber E, Leschziner M A. 2014. Spanwise oscillatory wall motion in channel flow: drag-reduction mechanisms inferred from DNS-predicted phase-wise property variations at Re_T=1000. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 743: 606-635.
[9]	Balakumar B J, Adrian R J. 2007. Large- and very-large-scale motions in channel and boundary-layer flow. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 365: 665-681.
[10]	Baltzer J R, Adrian R J, Wu X H. 2013. Structural organization of large and very large scales in turbulent pipe flow simulation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 720: 236-279.
[11]	Bernard P S, Thomas J M, Handler R A. 1993. Vortex dynamics and the production of Reynolds stress.Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 253: 385-419.
[12]	Brooke J W, Hanratty T J. 1993. Origin of turbulence-producing eddies in a channel flow. Physics of Fluids A, 5: 1011-1022.
[13]	Butler K M, Farrell B F. 1992. Three-dimensional optimal perturbations in viscous shear flow. Physics of Fluids A, 4: 1637-1650.
[14]	Butler K M, Farrell B F. 1993. Optimal perturbations and streak spacing in wall-bounded turbulent shear flow. Physics of Fluids A, 5: 774-777.
[15]	Chakraborty P, Balachandar S, Adrian R J. 2005. On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 535: 189-214.
[16]	Chang Y, Collis S S, Ramakrishnan S. 2002. Viscous effects in control of near-wall turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 14: 4069-4080.
[17]	Chernoray V G, Kozlov V V, Lofdahl L, Chun H H. 2006. Visualization of sinusoidal and varicose instabilities of streaks in a boundary layer. Journal of Visualization, 9: 437-444.
[18]	Choi H, Moin P, Kim J. 1994. Active turbulence control for drag reduction in wall-bounded flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 262: 75-110.
[19]	Choi J I, Xu C X, Sung H J. 2002. Drag reduction by spanwise wall oscillation in wall-bounded turbulent flows. Journal, 40: 842-850.
[20]	Christensen KT, Adrian R J. 2001. Statistical evidence of hairpin vortex packets in wall turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 431: 433-443.
[21]	Chung Y M, Talha T. 2011. Effectiveness of active flow control for turbulent skin friction drag reduction. Physics of Fluids, 23: 025102.
[22]	Cossu C, Pujals G, Depardon S. 2009. Optimal transient growth and very large-scale structures in turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 619: 79-94.
[23]	Deck S, Renard N, Laraufile R, Weiss P E. 2014. Large-scale contributions to mean wall shear stress in high-Reynolds-number flat-plate boundary layer up to Re_θ=13650. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 743: 202-248.
[24]	del Álamo J C, Jiménez J. 2006. Linear energy amplification in turbulent channels.Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 559: 205-213.
[25]	del Álamo J C, Jiménez J. 2009. Estimation of turbulent convection velocities and corrections to Taylor's approximation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 640: 5-26.
[26]	Deng B Q, Xu C X. 2012. Influence of active control on STG based generation of streamwise vortices in near-wall turbulence. Journal of Fluids Mechanics, 710: 234-259.
[27]	Deng B Q, Xu C X, Huang W X, Cui G X. 2014. Strengthened opposition control for skin-friction reduction in wall-bounded turbulent flows. Journal of Turbulence, 15: 122-143.
[28]	Duguet Y, Pringle C C, Kerswell R R. 2008. Relative periodic orbits in transitional pipe flow. Physics of Fluids, 20: 114102.
[29]	Flores O, Jimenez J. 2006. Effect of wall-boundary disturbances on turbulent channel flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 566: 357-376.
[30]	Flores O, Jiménez J. 2010. Hierarchy of minimal flow units in the logarithmic layer. Physics of Fluids, 22: 071704.
[31]	Fukagata K, Iwamoto K, Kasagi N. 2002. Contribution of Reynolds stress distribution to the skin friction in wall-bounded flows. Physics of Fluids, 14: L73-L76.
[32]	Gad-el-Hak M. 2000. Flow control. Passive, Active, and Reactive Flow Management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[33]	Gad-el-Hak M, Blackwelder R F. 1989. Selective suction for controlling bursting events in a boundary layer. AIAA Journal, 27: 308-314.
[34]	Ganapathisubramani B, Longmire E K, Marusic I. 2003. Characteristics of vortex packets in turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 478: 35-46.
[35]	Gao Q, Ortiz-Duenas C, Longmire E K. 2011. Analysis of vortex populations in turbulent wall-bounded flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 678: 87-123.
[36]	Guala M, Hommema S E, Adrian R J. 2006. Large-scale and very-large-scale motions in turbulent pipe flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 554: 521-542.
[37]	Hamilton J M, Kim J, Waleffet F. 1995. Regeneration mechanisms of near-wall turbulence structures. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 287: 317-348.
[38]	Hammond E P, Bewley T R, Moin P. 1998. Observed mechanisms for turbulence attenuation and enhancement in opposition-controlled wall-bounded flows. Physics of Fluids, 10: 2421-2423.
[39]	Head M R, Bandyopadhyay P. 1981. New aspects of turbulent boundary layer structure. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 107: 297-338.
[40]	Hussain F. 1986. Coherent structures and turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 173: 303-356.
[41]	Hutchins N, Marusic I. 2007a. Evidence of very long meandering features in the logarithmic region of turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 579: 1-28.
[42]	Hutchins N, Marusic I. 2007b. Large-scale influences in near-wall turbulence. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 365: 647-664.
[43]	Hwang Y, Cossu C. 2011. Self-sustained processes in the logarithmic layer of turbulent channel flows.Physics of Fluids, 23: 061702.
[44]	Iwamoto K, Fukagata K, Kasagi N, et al. 2005. Friction drag reduction achievable by near-wall turbulence manipulation at highReynolds numbers. Physics of Fluids, 17: 011702.
[45]	Iwamoto K, Suzuki Y, Kasagi N. 2002. Reynolds number effect on wall turbulence: toward effective feedback control. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 23: 678-689.
[46]	Jeong J, Hussain F. 1995. On the identification of a vortex. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 285: 69-94.
[47]	Jeong J, Hussain F, Schoppa W, Kim J. 1997. Coherent structures near the wall in a turbulent channel flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 332: 185-214.
[48]	Jiménez J, Hoyas S. 2008. Turbulent fluctuation-sabove the buffer layer of wall-bounded flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 611: 215-236.
[49]	Jiménez J, Kawahara G. 2013. Dynamics of wall-bounded turbulence. In: Davidson P A, Kaneda Y, Sreenivasan K R, eds. Ten Chapters in Turbulence. Cambridge University Press. 221-268.
[50]	Jiménez J, Kawahara G, Simens M P, Nagata M, Shiba M. 2005. Characterization of near-wall turbulence in terms of equilibrium and“bursting”solutions. Physics of Fluids, 17: 015105.
[51]	Jiménez J, Moin P. 1991. The minimal flow unit in near-wall turbulence.Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 225: 221-240.
[52]	Jiménez J, Moser R D. 2007. What are we learning from simulating wall turbulence? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 365: 715-732.
[53]	Jiménez J, Pinelli A. 1999. The autonomous cycle of near-wall turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 389: 335-359.
[54]	Kang Y D, Choi K S, Chun H H. 2008. Direct intervention of hairpin structure for turbulent boundary-layer control. Physics of Fluids, 20: 101517.
[55]	Kim J. 2003. Control of turbulent boundary layers. Physics of Fluids, 15: 1093-1105.
[56]	Kim J. 2011. Physics and control of wall turbulence for drag reduction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 369: 1396-1411.
[57]	Kim J, Bewley T R. 2011. A linear system approach to flow control. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 39: 383-417.
[58]	Kim J, Lim J. 2000. A linear process in wall-bounded turbulent shear flows. Physics of Fluids, 12: 1885-1888.
[59]	Kim J, Moin P, Moser R. 1987. Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 177: 133-166.
[60]	Kim K C, Adrian R J. 1999. Very large-scale motion in the outer layer. Physics of Fluids, 11: 417-422.
[61]	Kim K, Adrian R J, Balachandar S, Sureshkumar R. 2008. Dynamics of hairpin vortices and polymer-induced turbulent drag reduction. Physical Review Letters, 100: 134504.
[62]	Kline S J, Reynolds W C, Schraub S A, et al. 1967. The structure of turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 30: 741-773.
[63]	Kravchenko A G, Choi H, Moin P. 1993. On the relation of near-wall streamwise vortices to wall skin friction in turbulent boundary layers. Physics of Fluids A, 5: 3307-3309.
[64]	Lee C, Kim J, Babcock D, Goodman R. 1997. Application of neural networks to turbulence control for drag reduction. Physics of Fluids, 9: 1740-1747.
[65]	Lee C, Kim J, Choi H. 1998. Suboptimal control of turbulent channel flow for drag reduction. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 358: 245-258.
[66]	Lee J H, Sung H J. 2011. Very-large-scale motions in a turbulent boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 673: 80-120.
[67]	Liepmann H. 1979. The rise and fall of ideas in turbulence. American Scientists, 67: 221-228.
[68]	Lim J, Kim J. 2004. A singular value analysis of boundary layer control. Physics of Fluids, 16: 1980-1988.
[69]	Marusic I, Adrian R J. 2013. The eddies and scales of wall turbulence. In: Davidson P A, Kaneda Y, Sreenivasan K R, eds. Ten Chapters in Turbulence. Cambridge U. Press. 176-220.
[70]	Marusic I, Mathis R, Hutchins N. 2010a. High Reynolds number effects in wall turbulence. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 31: 418-428.
[71]	Marusic I, Mathis R, Hutchins N. 2010b. Predictive model for wall-bounded turbulent flow. Science, 329: 193-196.
[72]	Marusic I, McKeon BJ, Monkewitz PA, Nagib HM, Smits AJ. 2010c. Wall-bounded turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers: Recent advances and key issues. Physics of Fluids, 22: 065103.
[73]	Mathis R, Hutchins N, Marusic I. 2009. Large-scale amplitude modulation of the small-scale structures in turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 628: 311-337.
[74]	McKeon B J, Li J, Jiang W, Morrison JF, Smits AJ. 2004. Further observations on the mean velocity distribution in fully developed pipe flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 501: 135-147.
[75]	Meinhart C D, Adrian R J. 1995. On the existence of uniform momentum zones in a turbulent boundary layer. Physics of Fluids, 7: 694-696.
[76]	Monty J P, Hutchins N, Ng H C H, Marusic I, Chong M S. 2009. A comparison of turbulent pipe, channel and boundary layer flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 632: 431-442.
[77]	Nagata, M. 1990. Three-dimensional finite-amplitude solutions in plane Couette flow: Bifurcation from infinity. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 217: 519-527.
[78]	Nagib H M, Chauhan K A, Monkewitz P A. 2007. Approach to an asymptotic state for zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 365: 755-770.
[79]	Pope S B. 2000. Turbulent Flows. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[80]	Pujals G, García-Villalba M, Cossu C, et al. 2009. A note on optimal transient growth in turbulent channel flows. Physics of Fluids, 21: 015109.
[81]	Quadrio M. 2011. Drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers by in-plane wall motion. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, bf 369: 1428-1442.
[82]	Robinson S K. 1991. Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 23: 601-639.
[83]	Roy A, Morozov A, van Saarloos W, Larson R G. 2006. Mechanism of polymer drag reduction using a low-dimensional model. Physical Review Letters, 97: 234501.
[84]	Schlatter P, Orlu R, Li Q, Brethouwer G, Johansson AV, Alfredsson PH, Henningson DS. 2011. Progress in simulations of turbulent boundary layers. In: Proc. of 7th International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena, Ottawa.
[85]	Schoppa W, Hussain F. 1998. A large-scale control strategy for drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers. Physics of Fluids, 10: 1049-1051.
[86]	Schoppa W, Hussain F. 2002. Coherent structure generation in near-wall turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 453: 57-108.
[87]	Sharma A S, McKeon B J. 2013. On coherent structure in wall turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 728: 196-238.
[88]	Skote M, Haritonidis J H, Henningson DS. 2002. Varicose instabilities in turbulent boundary layers. Physics of Fluids, 14: 7.
[89]	Smith C R, Walker J D A. 1994. Turbulent Wall-layer Vortices. In: Green S. ed. Fluid Vortices. Springer.
[90]	Theodorsen T. 1952. Mechanism of Turbulence. In: Proceedings of the second Midwestern Conference on Fluid Mechanics, Ohio State University, 1-18.
[91]	Toh S, Itano T. 2003. A periodic-like solution in channel flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 481: 67-76.
[92]	Touber E, Leschziner M. 2012. Near-wall steak modification by spanwise oscillatory wall motion and drag-reduction mechanism. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 693: 150-200.
[93]	Townsend A A. 1976. The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[94]	Waleffe F. 1998. Three-dimensional coherent states in plane shear flows. Physical Review Letters, 81: 4140-4143.
[95]	Waleffe F. 2003. Homotopy of exact coherent structures in plane shear flows. Physics of Fluids, 15: 1517-1534.
[96]	Wang G H, Bo T L, Zhang J H, Zhu W, Zheng X J. 2014. Transition region where the large and very large scale motions coexist in atmospheric surface layer: Wind tunnel investigation. Journal of Turbulence, 15: 172-185.
[97]	Wang Y S, Huang W X, Xu C X. 2015. On hairpin vortex generation from near-wall streamwise vortices. Acta Mechanica Sinica, DOI: 10.1007/s10409-015-0415-8.
[98]	Wu X H, Moin P. 2009. Forest of hairpins in a low-Reynolds-number zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate boundary layer. Physics of Fluids, 21: 091106.
[99]	Zhou J, Adrian R J, Balachandar S, Kendall T M. 1999. Mechanisms for generating coherent packets of hairpin vortices in channel flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 387: 353-396.