固体的弹性模量和内耗测量方法研究进展

谢明宇; 李法新

doi:10.6052/1000-0992-21-013

固体的弹性模量和内耗测量方法研究进展

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-21-013

谢明宇,
李法新^,

北京大学工学院力学与工程科学系, 北京 100871

基金项目: 本文工作得到国家自然科学基金重大项目课题 (11890684) 的资助

详细信息

作者简介:
李法新, 男, 北京大学工学院力学与工程科学系, 研究员. 2004年获清华大学固体力学博士学位, 2005—2007在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学(UBC)做博士后, 2007年10月进入北京大学工作. 目前担任SCI期刊《Smart Materials & Structures》副主编、《固体力学学报》编委等职务. 主要从事智能材料与结构力学、无损检测及结构健康监测方法、高温合金与陶瓷表征的研究. 已发表SCI论文100余篇, 总引用1500余次, 授权发明专利18项, 出版学术专著1部. 曾获基金委优秀青年基金(2014)、中国力学青年科技奖(2015)、三次荣获北京大学优秀博士论文指导教师称号(2014, 2016, 2020)

通讯作者:
lifaxin@pku.edu.cn

中图分类号: O329
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-15
- 录用日期: 2021-05-26
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-25

Review of the measurement methods for elastic moduli and internal friction of solids

XIE Mingyu,
LI Faxin^,

LTCS and Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

More Information

Corresponding author: lifaxin@pku.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 弹性模量和内耗是固体材料的基本力学性质, 其测量的准确性和便捷性对工业生产和科学研究都很重要. 本文回顾了近一百年来固体材料弹性模量和内耗的测量方法, 主要分为四类: 准静态方法、低频法、共振法和波传播法. 首先对每类方法的测量原理进行了简单介绍及总体评价. 接着对几种共振方法, 包括自由梁共振法、脉冲激励法、超声共振谱方法和压电超声复合振动技术(PUCOT)进行了详细介绍和评价. 然后, 重点介绍了本课题组最新提出的基于机电阻抗的模量内耗测量方法(称之为M-PUCOT或Q-EMI), 它可以同时、准确、快速地测量杨氏/剪切模量及相应内耗. 最后, 对这种新型弹性模量/内耗测量方法的意义和应用前景进行了讨论和展望.
- 弹性模量 /
- 内耗 /
- 测量方法 /
- 机电阻抗 /
- 压电
Abstract: Elastic moduli and internal frictions are fundamental properties of solid materials. The accuracy and convenience of the measurements these properties are of great significance to industrial production and scientific research. This paper reviews the measurement methods of elastic moduli and internal frictions of solid materials in the past 100 years. These methods can be divided into four categories: quasi-static method, low frequency method, resonance method, and wave propagation method. Firstly, the measurement principle of each type method is introduced and evaluated. Then the resonance methods, including free-free beam method, impulse excitation technique, resonant ultrasound spectrum and piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (PUCOT) are presented and discussed in detail. After that, a new method called modified piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (M-PUCOT), proposed by the authors, are introduced. This new method is based on the principle of electro-mechanical impedance, and can measure the Young’s modulus/shear modulus and the related internal frictions simultaneously, accurately, and quickly. Finally, the significance and prospective of this new method are discussed.
- elastic moduli /
- internal frictions /
- measurement methods /
- electromechanical impedance /
- piezoelectric

HTML全文

图 1 弹性体的蠕变过程

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图 2 低频法测量弹性模量与内耗的装置. (a) 扭摆仪, (b) 动态热机械分析仪DMA

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图 3 波传播法测量材料的模量与内耗. (a) 波传播法测量示意图, (b) 超声波通过滞弹性的衰减过程

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图 4 (a) 自由梁共振法; (b) 脉冲激励法

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图 5 超声共振谱法RUS. (a) RUS测量各向异性样品弹性常数矩阵示意图; (b) 在RUS中利用激光测振仪扫描离面位移进行模态识别(Ogi et al. 2002)

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图 6 三组分压电超声复合振动技术

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图 7 基于机电阻抗法的M-PUCOT测量系统

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图 8 换能器−被测试件双组分系统的电纳曲线与端部位移幅频特性曲线

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图 9 采用M-PUCOT方法测量金属棒杨氏模量和内耗(纵向振动模式)时得到的电纳曲线. (1)采用压电换能器A的第一次测量; (2)采用压电换能器A的第二次测量; (3)将换能器A取下, 再次粘结后的测量结果; (4)采用另外一个换能器B的测量结果

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图 10 利用M-PUCOT的纵振动模式测量轴向极化PZT-5H的弹性模量和纵向振动内耗. (a) 居里温度前电纳曲线随温度的变化; (b) 居里温度后电纳曲线随温度的变化; (c) 根据电纳曲线计算得到的弹性模量与内耗

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图 11 利用M-PUCOT测量大块金属玻璃Zr_41.2Ti_13.8Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5玻璃化转变与晶化过程中的弹性模量与内耗. (a) 循环升温与冷却过程中的弹性模量与内耗随温度的变化; (b) 不同温度热处理后金属玻璃的XRD图案

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图 12 房山汉白玉岩石在压缩过程中的典型应力应变曲线

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图 13 房山汉白玉岩石在压缩破坏前的模量和内耗变化. (a) 1号样品; (b) 2号样品; (c) 3号样品

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表 1 按应变($ \mathrm{\varepsilon } $)−应力($ \mathrm{\sigma } $)关系对固体材料不同力学行为进行分类


	$ \varepsilon $与$ \sigma $成单值关系	$ \varepsilon $对$ \sigma $瞬时响应	$ \varepsilon $与$ \sigma $成线性关系
理想弹性	是	是	是
非线性弹性	是	是	否
塑性	否	是	否
滞弹性	是	否	是
线性黏弹性	否	否	是

下载: 导出CSV

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