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摘要: 贾有权先生是著名的力学家与教育家, 是我国实验力学学科的奠基人. 新中国成立后, 他投身力学教育与科学研究工作近50载, 为我国实验力学学科的建立与发展作出了卓越贡献. 本文回顾了贾有权先生的学术生涯与家国情怀, 梳理了他在光弹性、工程测试技术、光测力学研究三个领域的主要学术贡献, 以及在基础力学教育与教材建设方面的主要成绩, 归纳了他的学术思想与治学理念, 并以若干事例展现了他在紧密服务新中国工业化建设中的突出成就, 以及在发展实验力学新方向与队伍建设方面的引领作用.Abstract: Professor Jia Youquan is a distinguished mechanist and educator, recognized as the pioneer of experimental mechanics in China. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, he devoted more than 50 years to mechanical education and scientific research, making outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of experimental mechanics in China. This paper reviewed Professor Jia Youquan's academic career and his patriotic sentiment. His major academic contributions were introduced in three areas: photoelasticity, engineering testing techniques, and photomechanics. Furthermore, this paper summarized his significant accomplishments in foundational education and textbook development of mechanics, outlined his academic ideologies and educational philosophy, and demonstrated several instances of his outstanding accomplishments in closely serving Chinese industrialization construction. Additionally, this paper highlighted his leading role in frontier directions and team developments of experimental mechanics.
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Key words:
- experimental mechanics /
- mechanical education
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图 1 贾有权先生不同时期的照片. (a) 1935年贾有权在北京东北中学初中毕业, (b) 1943年贾有权在西北工学院获工学学士, (c) 1996年80岁退休后的贾有权先生
图 4 贾有权先生工作期间的照片. (a) 1978年参加第二机械工业部在成都召开的科学报告会后与同行合影 (左起: 孙训芳、张维、钱令希、贾有权), (b) 1988年在中国力学学会举办的夏令营为学生们做实验力学科普报告, (c)贾有权教授给学生上课
图 5 贾有权先生的工作资料. (a) 1951年回国后贾有权编写北洋大学材料力学实验讲义的手写稿, (b)贾有权先生主持编写的部分教材与专著, (c) 1975年受教育部委托贾有权课题组为全国企事业单位和学校举办实验测试技术第一期短训班结业照 (照片前排右起: 姜正奎、秦玉文、佟景伟、贾有权、杨海元、孟玉锋、马桂琴、苏凤霞)
图 6 贾有权先生在学术交流期间的照片. (a) 1980年贾有权率中国实验力学代表团部分成员访问纽约州立大学石溪分校 (左起: 1秦玉文、3周新庚、7姜复本、8贾有权、9张熹、10刘宝琛、11李伯芹、12伍小平、13赖曾美, 其余均为美国学者), (b) 1980年贾有权与部分代表团成员在华盛顿中国驻美大使馆前合影 (左起: 秦玉文、戴福隆、张熹、姜复本、贾有权、赖曾美、伍小平、刘宝琛), (c) 1987年在天津召开国际实验力学会议上贾有权担任主席, 在会议开幕式上致辞 (左为德国专家K. H. Laermman, 右为日本专家北川英夫), (d) 1987年贾有权在实验室中指导访问学者尤利尔 (左起: 尤利尔、王银燕、贾有权)
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[1] 杜家吉, 贾有权. 1983. 光弹性确定混合型应力强度因子的全场级数法. 力学学报, 2: 190-196 (Du J J, Jia Y Q. 1983. A correct Taylor series method in determining the mixed mode sif using photoelastic field data. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2: 190-196).(Du Jiaji, Jia Youquan. 1983. A correct Taylor series method in determining the mixed mode sif using photoelastic field data. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2: 190-196 [2] 杜庆华, 贾有权, 孙训方, 张福范. 1957. 材料力学(上下册). 北京: 高等教育出版社 [3] 方萃长. 1989. 断裂测试系列讲座第二讲 云纹法及其在断裂力学中的应用. 实验力学, 4: 421-430 [4] 贾有权. 1951. 电阻应变片的应用, 天津工程. 4: 1-5 [5] 贾有权. 1956. 测静荷的电阻应变仪的设计及制造. 天津大学学报, 2: 1-7 [6] 贾有权. 1958. 活塞环的力学性质分析与试验. 天津大学学报, 4: 39-57 (Jia Y Q. 1958. An analytical and experimental investigation of mechanical properties in a piston ring. Journal of Tianjin University, 4: 39-57).(Jia Youquan. 1958. An analytical and experimental investigation of mechanical properties in a piston ring. Journal of Tianjin University, 4: 39-57 [7] 贾有权. 1963. 材料力学实验. 北京: 人民教育出版社 [8] 贾有权. 1964. 光弹塑性力学近况. 全国第一届实验力学会议, 上海, 中国 [9] 贾有权. 1965. 光测弹塑性力学近况. 力学学报, 8: 77-100 (Jia Y Q. 1965. Recent activities in photoelasticity and photoplasticity. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 8: 77-100).(Jia Youquan. 1965. Recent activities in photoelasticity and photoplasticity. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 8(2): 77-100 [10] 贾有权. 1984. 实验力学与国民经济的关系. 力学与实践, 2: 2-5 [11] 贾有权. 1991. 试论实验力学. 实验力学, 6: 1-6 [12] 贾有权. 1996. 21世纪的实验力学. 力学与实践, 18: 70-71 [13] 贾有权, 高镇同. 1984. 材料力学实验(修订本再版). 北京: 高等教育出版社 [14] 贾有权, 高瑞亭, 宋锦良等. 1965. 634#环氧树脂光弹性材料的力学性质和光学性质的测定. 天津大学学报, 20: 31-46 [15] 贾有权, 亢一澜. 2000. 力学实验与实验力学. 力学与实践, 22: 68-70 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0879.2000.06.024 [16] 贾有权, 苏翼林, 肖为等. 1962. 水轮机上冠在水浮力作用下的应力分析. 力学学报, 5: 153-167 (Jia Y Q, Su Y L, Xiao W, et al. 1962. The stress analysis of the crown in a water turbine rotor under the action of water lifting force. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 5: 153-167).(Jia Youquan, Su Yilin, Xiao Wei, et al. 1962. The stress analysis of the crown in a water turbine rotor under the action of water lifting force. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 5(3): 153-167 [17] 贾有权, 苏翼林, 宋锦良等. 1965. 有关冻结法精度的几个问题. 天津大学学报, 20: 1-17 (Jia Y Q, Su Y L, Song J L, et al. 1965. Some problems concerning the accuracy of the “frozen stress” method in photoelasticity. Journal of Tianjin University, 20: 1-17).(Jia Youquan, Su Yilin, Song Jinliang, et al. 1965. Some problems concerning the accuracy of the “frozen stress” method in photoelasticity. Journal of Tianjin University, 20: 1-17 [18] 贾有权, 严承蔼, 杨乃霆. 1965. 电阻丝式侧向应变仪在平面光弹性力学中应用. 力学学报, 8: 232-237 (Jia Y Q, Yan C G, Yang N T. 1965. The application of the lateral extensometer of the electrical resistance wire type in two-dimensional photoelasticity. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 8: 232-237).(Jia Youquan, Yan Chengai, Yang Naiting. 1965. The application of the lateral extensometer of the electrical resistance wire type in two-dimensional photoelasticity. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 8(3): 232-237 [19] 贾有权, 袁福湘, 区连民. 1965. 微网格法在平面光弹性中应用. 力学学报, 8: 238-242 (Jia Y Q, Yuan F X, Qu L M. 1965. The application of moire method in two-dimensional photoelasticity. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 8: 238-242).(Jia Youquan, Yuan Fuxiang, Qu Lianmin. 1965. The application of moire method in two-dimensional photoelasticity. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 8(3): 238-242 [20] 亢一澜, 贾晓波. 2010. 平凡的人生 奋斗的足迹. 天津: 天津教育出版社 [21] 赖曾美. 1989. 断裂测试系列讲座第一讲 光弹性在断裂力学中的应用. 实验力学, 4: 322-335 [22] 刘宝琛. 1990. 断裂测试系列讲座第四讲 全息和散斑法在断裂力学中的应用. 实验力学, 5: 248-260 [23] 天津大学材料力学教研室光弹组. 1981. 光弹性原理及测试技术. 北京: 科学出版社 [24] 天津大学材料力学教研室(编译). 1964. 光弹性译文集. 北京: 科学出版社 [25] 王德禄, 刘志光. 2012. 1950年代归国留美科学家的归程及命运. 科学文化评论, 9: 68-87 [26] 王银燕. 1990. 断裂测试系列讲座第三讲 云纹干涉法. 实验力学, 5: 114-128 [27] 薛慧, 贾有权, 宋锦良. 1993. 冲击载荷作用下动态应力集中的优化研究. 机械强度, 15: 19-22 (Xue H, Jia Y Q, Song J L. 1993. Study on minimizing the dynamic stress concentration due to impact loading. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 15: 19-22).(Xue Hui, Jia Youquan, Song Jinliang. 1993. Study on minimizing the dynamic stress concentration due to impact loading. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 15(2): 19-22 [28] 《钱学森书信选》编辑组. 2008. 钱学森书信选(上册). 北京: 国防工业出版社 -
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