AERODYNAMICS OF SMALL VEHICLES
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摘要: 对小型飞行器设计中涉及的空气动力学问题进行了综述.描述了雷诺数和展弦比对固定翼飞行器的设计以及飞行性能的影响.在低雷诺数飞行范围,翼型上边界层的特性对飞行器的设计尤为关键.本文讨论了大量有关层流边界层(包括层流分离泡影响)的实验,作为例子,列举了几个此飞行雷诺数范围的小型低空无人驾驶飞行器(UAVs).此外,对扑动翼推进的理论模型进行了简述;其范围涵盖了早期的准定常附着流模型,以及后来计及非定常尾涡、流动分离以及气动弹性等效应的模型.文中还介绍了那些与理论互补并最终导致扑翼机设计成功的实验.Abstract: In this review we describe the aerodynamic problems that must beaddressed in order to design a successful small aerial vehicle. The effects of Reynoldsnumber and aspect ratio (AR) on the design and performance of fixed-wing vehicles aredescribed. The boundary-layer behavior on airfoils is especially important in the designof vehicles in this flight regime. The results of a number of experimental boundary-layerstudies, including the influence of laminar separation bubbles, are discussed. Severalexamples of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in this regime are described.Also, a brief survey of analytical models for oscillating and flapping-wing propulsionis presented. These range from the earliest examples where quasi-steady, attached flowis assumed, to those that account for the unsteady shed vortex wake as well as flowseparation and aeroelastic behavior of a flapping wing. Experiments that complementedthe analysis and led to the design of a successful ornithopter are also described.
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Key words:
- low Reynolds number /
- fixed wing /
- flapping wing /
- small unmannedvehicles
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