过载性损伤与防护生物力学

王丽珍; 樊瑜波

doi:10.6052/1000-0992-19-020

过载性损伤与防护生物力学

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-19-020

王丽珍,
樊瑜波^,

北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院, 生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室, 北京航空航天大学生物医学工程高精尖创新中心, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金优青项目 (11822201)，国家自然科学基金创新群体项目 (11421202) 资助.

详细信息

作者简介:
樊瑜波, 教授, 博导,北京市生物医学工程高精尖中心(北京航空航天大学)主任、北京航空航天大学医工交叉创新研究院院长、医学科学与工程学院院长,生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室主任.教育部"长江学者"特聘教授, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家自然科学基金创新群体带头人(2015),科技部重点领域创新团队带头人(2014).国际医学和生物工程科学院(IAMBE)会士(2020),美国医学生物工程院会士(AIMBE Fellow, 2013), 世界生物材料学会会士(FBSE).在航空航天医学工程、生物力学工程、医疗器械生物力学设计与评价、康复工程等领域,取得了一系列创新成果,所带领团队已成为国家自然科学基金创新群体(2015)和科技部重点领域创新团队(2014),获得教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖自然科学一等奖(2015)、中国生物医学工程学会黄家驷生物医学工程奖一等奖(2017)等.兼任世界生物力学理事会(WCB)理事、国际生物医学工程联合会(IFMBE)执委、亚太生物力学理事会(APAB)理事、世界华人生物医学工程协会(WACBE)前任主席、中国生物医学工程学会前任理事长、中国生物医学工程学会中国力学学会生物力学专业委员会(分会)主任委员,担任多个SCI期刊副主编、编委.

通讯作者:
樊瑜波

中图分类号: G804.66
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-21
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-08

The biomechanics of injury and prevention

WANG Lizhen,
FAN Yubo^,

Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: FAN Yubo

摘要

摘要: 损伤与防护生物力学(injury and protection biomechanics)是研究生物组织或器官损伤机理及其防护方法的一门交叉性学科,属于现代生物力学的重要分支.其研究目标是降低载荷环境下组织或器官的损伤程度,主要内容包括载荷造成生物组织和器官的损伤机制、损伤耐受极限以及损伤过程中的生物力学动态响应、如何改善组织和器官所处的力学环境降低其损伤程度、有效的防护装备优化设计思路.高过载性载荷由于其作用短时性和爆发性具有较高致命性, 因此,人在过载环境下的抗损伤能力已越来越成为航空器研制、汽车性能提升、运动员竞技能力提升与充分发挥的瓶颈;尤其是更快、更灵活新型飞机的出现,超音速弹射救生、大过载高增长率的机动飞行防护等问题向损伤与防护生物力学研究提出了新的挑战,同时也为损伤与防护生物力学的发展提供了新发展机遇.随着科技不断进步,航空航天、交通事故、体育运动乃至日常生活中老年人跌倒等过程中人体冲击过载性损伤越来越呈现发生率高、防护效率低等问题,一方面由于人体耐限实验会造成损伤而难以获得真实数据,另一方面生物组织具有复杂非线性及黏弹性、可再生和重建特性,涉及到如何精准描述生物组织或器官的本构关系、组织解剖学特征与其力学特性之间相关性,建立不同尺度的组织或器官损伤机理与耐受极限、防护方法及防护装备设计准则.为此,本文将主要总结过载性损伤与防护生物力学的主要研究内容和研究方法,并在此基础上针对人体在复杂过载环境下的损伤类型、损伤机制(包括生物力学和力学生物学响应)、损伤耐限及防护方法进行回顾,包括近年来该领域国内外的主要进展, 并提出该领域发展趋势.过载性损伤与防护生物力学研究对于保障和提高复杂过载环境下人体安全性具有重要意义,可为解决航空航天、交通、体育运动中广泛涉及的骨肌多轴向损伤评价方法与标准制定提供科学依据,对指导防护装备优化设计具有重要理论价值,同时该方面研究在工程仿生材料和防护装备方面具有潜在实用价值和广阔应用前景.
- 损伤 /
- 防护 /
- 耐限 /
- 生物力学响应 /
- 力学生物学
Abstract: The biomechanics of injury and prevention is an important branch of modern biomechanics and a multi-disciplinary subject that is applied to the analysis of the mechanism of biological tissue or organ damage and its prevention. The goal of it is to prevent the human body from damage or minimize injury for tissue or organ when subjected to loads. It covers the study of the response of tissue subjected load, the mechanism and the tolerance of injury, and the methods and effective devices to reduce injury. Higher loads have high lethality due to its short-term action and explosiveness. Therefore, the ability to anti-injury under overload has been a severe constraint for the development of aircraft, the improvement of automobile performance and the enhancement of athletes' competitive ability. In particular, the emergence of the modern faster and more flexible fighter, the life-saving of supersonic ejection and the protective of maneuver flight of high load and load has presented new challenges for the subject of injury and prevention biomechanics but also provided enormous opportunities for the development of it. In recent years, the impact injury involved in aerospace, traffic accidents, sports and falls of the elder has presented the features of high incidence and low protection efficiency. However, it is difficult to obtain the actual data due to the damage caused by experiments to humans. Meanwhile, since the biological tissue has the characteristics of nonlinearity, viscoelasticity, regeneration and reconstruction, it involves how to describe the constitutive relations of biological tissue or organs, and the correlation between the anatomical features and its mechanical properties accurately. It also involves how to establish the mechanism and tolerance of tissue injury at multi-scales, the methods and the principle to design protective devices. The present paper focuses on the summarization of the major research contents and its methods to the biomechanics of injury and prevention. The types, mechanisms (including the response of the biomechanics and mechanobiology), tolerance, and the protective method of injury under complex loading for the human body are summarized, and the primary advancement and the possible tendency of development in these fields are introduced. The study on the biomechanics of injury and prevention is of great significance to protect and improve human safety under complex load. It could guide the establishment of standards and evaluation methods of musculoskeletal injuries involved in aerospace, transportation, and sports. This research is vital to guide the optimization design of protective devices and has great potential to the development and application of bionic engineering materials and protective devices.
- injury /
- prevention /
- injury tolerance /
- biomechanical response /
- mechanobiology

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