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磁流体动力学在航空工程中的应用与展望

李益文 张百灵 李应红 肖良华 王宇天 何国强

李益文, 张百灵, 李应红, 肖良华, 王宇天, 何国强. 磁流体动力学在航空工程中的应用与展望[J]. 力学进展, 2017, 47(1): 452-502. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-036
引用本文: 李益文, 张百灵, 李应红, 肖良华, 王宇天, 何国强. 磁流体动力学在航空工程中的应用与展望[J]. 力学进展, 2017, 47(1): 452-502. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-036
LI Yiwen, ZHANG Bailing, LI Yinghong, XIAO Lianghua, WANG Yutian, HE Guoqiang. Applications and prospects of magnetohydrodynamics in aeronautical engineering[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2017, 47(1): 452-502. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-036
Citation: LI Yiwen, ZHANG Bailing, LI Yinghong, XIAO Lianghua, WANG Yutian, HE Guoqiang. Applications and prospects of magnetohydrodynamics in aeronautical engineering[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2017, 47(1): 452-502. doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-036

磁流体动力学在航空工程中的应用与展望

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-036
详细信息
    作者简介:

    李应红(1963-), 男, 重庆奉节人,空军工程大学航空等离子体动力学国家级重点实验室主任、教授,中科院院士, 博士研究生导师, 主要研究方向: 航空推进技术,国家学科评议组成员、中国工程热物理学会副理事长,获国家科技进步一等奖、国家技术发明二等奖、军队科技进步一等奖等多项奖励,发表论文被SCI/EI检索80/170余篇, 获授权发明专利48项, 出版专著4部,参编国外专著5部.E-mail: yinghongli@126.com

    通讯作者:

    李益文(1983-), 男, 湖南新化人, 博士, 硕士研究生导师,空军工程大学航空等离子体动力学国家级重点实验室讲师、西北工业大学博士后,主要研究方向: 高超声速磁流技术,主持国家自然科学基金、中国博士后科学基金、陕西省自然科学基础研究计划等基金项目5项,发表论文40余篇, 被SCI/EI检索30余篇, 获授权发明专利6项.E-mail: leeyiwen@163.com

  • 中图分类号: V19

Applications and prospects of magnetohydrodynamics in aeronautical engineering

  • 摘要: 介绍了磁流体动力学在航空工程中的主要应用方式, 主要包括: 磁流体冲压组合发动机、磁流体涡轮组合发动机、燃烧室后磁流体发电、表面磁流体发电、磁流体加速风洞、磁流体推力矢量、进气道大尺寸磁流体流动控制、边界层分离流动控制、边界层转捩控制、飞行器头部热流控制等; 探讨了磁流体技术在应用中存在的关键科学与技术问题, 对导电流体的产生、磁流体实验设备与实验技术、多场耦合机理及数值模拟方法等进行了分析; 最后对磁流体技术在航空工程上的应用与发展进行了总结与展望.

     

  • 图  1  AJAX概念示意图(Gurijanov & Harsha 1996)

    图  2  (a)磁流体发电原理示意图,(b)磁流体加速原理示意图

    图  3  磁流体涡轮组合发动机示意图(Blankson & Schneider 2003)

    图  4  磁流体发电在高超声速飞行器上的潜在应用(Vanwie, Nedungadi 2004).(a)AJAX类型,(b)燃烧室后磁流体发电,(c)携带磁流体发电系统,(d)表面磁流体发电

    图  5  磁流体反向能量旁路概念(Miles et al.2005)

    图  6  磁流体加速风洞及其基本原理.(a)传统加热式高超声速风洞(b)基于电磁能量的磁流体加速风洞

    图  7  磁流体矢量控制(Mikhail & Sergey 2005)

    图  8  高超声速进气道面临的挑战及其策略(Vanwie & Nedungadi 2004)

    图  9  进气道激波系调控.(a)大于设计马赫数(b)小于设计马赫数(Vanwie & Nedungadi 2004)

    图  10  边界层分离流动控制

    图  11  不同焓提取率下单位推力与飞行马赫数的关系(李益文2011)

    图  12  (a)出口马赫数与负载系数之间的关系(b)提取电能、动能减少量与负载系数之间的关系(Blankson & Schneider 2003)

    图  13  独立型磁流体发电系统方案(Moeller et al.2008)

    图  14  嵌入式磁流体发电系统方案(Lineberry et al.2006,2007)

    图  15  磁流体发电系统小型化研究.(a)实验装置,(b)发电通道(c)提取的电压(JP Aerospace 2014)

    图  16  再入飞行器表面高温气流磁流体发电(Miles et al.2005)

    图  17  俄罗斯高温科学院表面磁流体发电(Bityurin et al.2005)

    图  18  盘式磁流体功率提取通道.(a)盘式磁流体功率提取通道结构(b)盘式磁流体功率提取通道实物(Murakamia & Okuno 2008)

    图  19  基于平衡电离磁流体加速的高超声速风洞示意图(1-加热器2-混合室,3-种子注入,4-初级喷管,5-磁流体加速器,6-第二级喷管7-试验段)(Alferov 2000)

    图  20  RDHWT/MARIAH风洞(Wilson et al.2004)

    图  21  RDHWT/MARIAH风洞运行过程焓熵图(Wilson et al.2004)

    图  22  超高压气源装置(Ring et al.2002)

    图  23  电子束电离及加速设备(Ring et al.2002)

    图  24  磁流体加速实验系统及加速效果(李益文等2011)

    图  25  不同方向洛伦兹力作用下的激波纹影.(a)加速洛伦兹力作用(b)减速洛伦兹力作用(Bobashev et al.2002)

    图  26  (a)基于电子束电离的磁流体激波系示意图(b)非设计状态控制马赫数分布图(Shneider et al.2003,Macheret et al.2004)

    图  27  不同方向洛伦兹力作用下的压力测试结果(Nishihara et al.2003,2004)

    图  28  不同方向洛伦兹力作用下的压力测试结果(樊昊2015)

    图  29  电弧放电控制激波的实验(Leonov et al.2005)

    图  30  来流速度马赫数3情况下有无激励时的激波纹影与马赫数云图(Falempin et al.2015)

    图  31  弧放电等离子体气动激励的激波控制示意图(Wang et al.2009)

    图  32  有无电弧等离子体放电激波强度对比曲线(Wang et al.2009)

    图  33  磁流体减速激励和加速激励控制激波实验研究.(a)基准图像(b)磁流体减速激励(电压1 600 V),(c)磁流体加速激励(电压1 600 V)(d)加减速对比分析(苏长兵 2010)

    图  34  边界层磁流体激励(Zaidi et al.2006)

    图  35  SWBLI区的纹影图.(a)未加激励(0 mA)(b)施加激励(60 mA,4.5 T)(Kalra et al.2007)

    图  36  电磁式涡流发生器原理示意图(李益文等2016)

    图  37  美国普伦斯顿大学的电离方案(Macheret et al.2001)

    图  38  电子数密度随时间变化(Zhukov et al.2006)

    图  39  美国NASA埃姆斯研究中心的实验系统(Bogdanoff & Mehta 2003)

    图  40  基于激波风洞的磁流体技术实验系统(李益文2011)

    图  41  超声速气流的电导率(李益文2011)

    图  42  燃烧室后磁流体发电实验(Moeller et al.2008)

    图  43  超燃冲压发动机燃烧室后磁流体发电实验(Lineberry et al.2006)

    图  44  实验装置示意与实物图(Nishihara et al.2006,2007)

    图  45  测试段截面示意图(Murray et al.2007)

    图  46  实验装置示意图(Bobashev et al.2006)

    图  47  实验系统及马赫数3气流中的放电图像(樊昊2015)

    图  48  直线型磁流体发电通道类型示意图.(a)连续电极型(b)分段法拉第型(c)霍尔型,(d)对角线型

    图  49  磁流体加速器的种类.(a)连续法拉第型加速器(b)分段法拉第型加速器,(c)霍尔型加速器,(d)斜联型加速器(e)壁面斜联型加速器(Litchford et al.2002)

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  • 收稿日期:  2016-11-02
  • 网络出版日期:  2017-01-24
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